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Reproductive system
1. Reproductive System
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College of Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L.Whitchurch, MHS
2. Female gynec/o
Reproductive System
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College of Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L.Whitchurch, MHS
6. Reproductive System
–arche –partum
– beginning – childbirth
–cyesis –salpinx
– state of pregnancy – fallopian tube
–gravida –tocia
– pregnancy – labor, childbirth
–para
– to bear (offspring)
7. Reproductive System – Female [gynec/o]
Functional Overview
Propagation of the Human Race
Production of Ova female reproduction cells
Provides a place for fertilization
A place for baby to grow during pregnancy
Breasts provide nourishment of baby
Female sex hormones
Word Building
Gynecology - study of female reproductive system
Gynecologist - physician specialist in gynecology
8. Reproductive System – Female
Overview of Anatomy
Internal genetalia
Within the Pelvic Cavity
– Uterus
– Ovaries
– Fallopian tubes
– Vagina
External genetalia
– Collectively known as Vulva [vulv/o episi/o]
The word genetalia = reproductive organs
12. Reproductive System – Female
Ovaries - Ovary [ oophor/o - ovari/o ]
Small almond-shaped glands
Produce ova (singular is ovum)
Produces female sex hormones
Every 28 days produces:
– Follic stimulating hormone (FSH)
– Luteinizing hormone (LH)
– Triggers ovulation
Produces estrogen and progesterone
– Stimulates lining of uterus in preparation
to receive fertilized ovum
– Female secondary sexual characteristics
13. Ovum (singular form of Ova)
A ovum, B spermatozoon; 1 nucleolus, 2 nucleus, 3 zona pellucida, 4 head, 5 acrosome, 6
centriole, 7 mitochondrion, 8 tail, 9 middle piece, 10 neck, 11 corona radiata, 12 cytoplasm
14. Reproductive System – Female
Ovaries - Ovary [ oophor/o - ovari/o ]
Small almond-shaped glands
Produce ova (singular is ovum)
Produces female sex hormones
Every 28 days produces:
– Follic stimulating hormone (FSH)
– Luteinizing hormone (LH)
– Triggers ovulation
Produces estrogen and progesterone
– Stimulates lining of uterus in preparation
to receive fertilized ovum
– Female secondary sexual characteristics
Word Building
Oophoritis - inflamation of the ovary
Ovarian - pertaining to the ovary
15. Reproductive System – Female
Fallopian Tubes [ salping/o -salpinx ]
Also called
uterine tubes or oviducts
Approximately 5 1/2 inches long
Unattached ends expand into finger-like
projections, Fimbriae
Fimbriae catch ovum after ovulation
and direct into fallopian tube
Tube propel ovum to uterus to be
implanted
Egg and Sperm, fertilization or
conception normally takes place in
upper 1/2 of tubes
16. Reproductive System – Female
Fallopian Tubes [ salping/o -salpinx ]
Also called
uterine tubes or oviducts
Approximately 5 1/2 inches long
Unattached ends expand into finger-like
projections, Fimbriae
Fimbriae catch ovum after ovulation and
direct into fallopian tube
Word Building to uterus or conception
Tube propel ovum
Egg and Sperm, fertilization
to be implanted
Salpingocyesis - tubal upper 1/2 of tubes
normally takes place in pregnancy
Salpingectomy - removal of fallopian tubes
Salpingitis - inflamation of the fallopian tubes
Hematosalpinx - blood in the fallopian tubes
17. Reproductive System – Female
Uterus [ hyster/o metr/o uter/o ] Cervix [ cervic/o ]
Uterus
Hallow with thick muscular wall lined
with mucous membrane lining and
rich blood supply
Center of pelvic cavity between
bladder and rectum
Anteflexion held in place by
ligaments anchored in outer layer of
the uterus called perimetrium
3 sections: fundus | corpus | cervix
18. Reproductive System – Female
Uterus [ hyster/o metr/o uter/o ] Cervix [ cervic/o ]
Layers of the uterus
Endometrium
– Rich blood supply that reacts to
hormonal changes every month that
prepare it to receive fertilized ovum
– Normal pregnancy fertilized ovum
implants.
– Provides nourishment and protection
for developing baby
Myometrium
– Muscle contractions assist in moving
fetus through the birth canal at
delivery
19. Reproductive System – Female
Uterus [ hyster/o metr/o uter/o ] Cervix [ cervic/o ]
Word Building
Hysteropexy - surgical fixation of the uterus
Hysterorrhexis - ruptured uterus
Hysterectomy - surgical removal of the uterus
Endometritis - inflammation within the uterus
Perimetritis - inflammation around the uterus
Metrorrhea - flow from the uterus
Metrorrhagia - rapid blood flow from the uterus
Uterine - pertaining to the uterus
Cervicectomy - removal of the cervix
Cervical - pertaining to the neck of the uterus
Endocervicitis - inflammation within the cervix
20. Reproductive System – Female
Vagina [ colp/o vagin/o ]
Muscular tube, mucous lined
membrane extending from the
cervix of the uterus to the outside
of the body
Passage of menstrual flow
Receives penis and semen with
sperm during intercourse
Birth canal during vaginal birth
Hymen is a thin membrane
covering external vaginal opening
called the vaginal orifice
Bartholin’s glands on either side
of the vaginal orifice
21. Reproductive System – Female
Vagina [ colp/o vagin/o ]
Muscular tube, mucous lined
membrane extending from the
cervix of the uterus to the outside
of the body
Passage of menstrual flow
Receives penis and semen with
sperm during intercourse
Birth canal during vaginal birth
Hymen is a thin membrane
covering external vaginal opening
Word called the vaginal orifice
Building
Colposcope - instrumenton eitherinside the vagina
Barthtolin’s glands to view side
Vaginal the vaginal orifice vagina
of - pertaining to the
Vaginitis - inflammation of the vagina
22. Reproductive System – Female
Vulva [ vulv/o ]
Vulva [vulv/o]
External group of structures Clitoris contains sensitvie
that make up the female erectile tissue aroused during
genitalia intercourse
Labia major and minor serve Perineum is the area between
as protection of the genitalia the vaginal orifice and the
and the urinary meatus anus
23. Reproductive System – Female
Vulva [ vulv/o episi/o ]
Word Building
Episiorrhaphy - suture of the vulva
Episiotomy - surgical incision of the perineum
Vulvitis - inflamation of the vulva
Vulvar - pertaining to the vulva
24. Reproductive System – Female
Breast [mamm/o mast/o]
Also called mammary glands
Lactation - Production of milk
for the nourishment of
newborn baby
Milk is produced in the
Lactiferous glands and
carried to the nipples by the
lactiferous ducts
Areola is the pigmented area
around the nipple
Milk secretion requires
stimulating by the newborn
baby
25. Reproductive System – Female
Breast [mamm/o mast/o]
Word Building
Mammogram - record of breast
Mammary - pertaining to breast
Mammoplasty - surgical repair of breast
Mastalgia - breast pain
Mastitis - inflammation of breast
Mastectomy - removal of breast
26. Pregnancy
Gestation
– Period of pregnancy
– 40 weeks
Premature
– Birth before 37 weeks of
gestation completed
27. Pregnancy
Embryo Fetus
– From implantation into – Ninth week until birth
endometrium until eight weeks – Organs mature and begin to
– Major organs and systems are function
formed
28. Pregnancy - Trimesters
The first trimester is measured from
The first trimester is measured from
conception to about the 12th week
conception to about the 12th week
of pregnancy; the second trimester,
of pregnancy; the second trimester,
from about 13 to 27 weeks of
from about 13 to 27 weeks of
pregnancy; and the third trimester,
pregnancy; and the third trimester,
from about 28 weeks of pregnancy
from about 28 weeks of pregnancy
until birth.
until birth.
http://www.medicinenet.com/stages_of_pregnancy_pictures_slideshow/article.htm
29. First Trimester of Pregnancy
Weeks 1 thru 12
Baby at 4 weeks ……
Baby at 4 weeks ……
Baby's brain and spinal cord have begun to form.
Baby's brain and spinal cord have begun to form.
The heart begins to form.
The heart begins to form.
Arm and leg buds appear.
Arm and leg buds appear.
30. First Trimester of Pregnancy
Weeks 1 thru 12
Baby at 8 weeks ……
Baby at 8 weeks ……
All major organs and external body structures have begun to form.
All major organs and external body structures have begun to form.
Baby's heart beats with aaregular rhythm.
Baby's heart beats with regular rhythm.
The arms and legs grow longer, and fingers and toes have begun to form.
The arms and legs grow longer, and fingers and toes have begun to form.
The sex organs begin to form.
The sex organs begin to form.
The eyes have moved forward on the face and eyelids have formed.
The eyes have moved forward on the face and eyelids have formed.
The umbilical cord is clearly visible.
The umbilical cord is clearly visible.
31. First Trimester of Pregnancy
Weeks 1 thru 12
Baby at 12 weeks ……
Baby at 12 weeks ……
The nerves and muscles begin to work together. Baby can make aafist.
The nerves and muscles begin to work together. Baby can make fist.
The external sex organs show ififthe baby is aaboy or girl.
The external sex organs show the baby is boy or girl.
Eyelids close to protect the developing eyes.
Eyelids close to protect the developing eyes.
They will not open again until the 28th week.
They will not open again until the 28th week.
32. Second Trimester of Pregnancy
Weeks 13 thru 28
Baby at 16 weeks ……
Baby at 16 weeks ……
Muscle tissue and bone continue to form, creating aamore complete skeleton.
Muscle tissue and bone continue to form, creating more complete skeleton.
Skin begins to form.
Skin begins to form.
Meconium (mih-KOH-nee-uhm) develops in your baby's intestinal tract.
Meconium (mih-KOH-nee-uhm) develops in your baby's intestinal tract.
Baby makes sucking motions with the mouth (sucking reflex).
Baby makes sucking motions with the mouth (sucking reflex).
33. Second Trimester of Pregnancy
Weeks 13 thru 28
Baby at 20 weeks ……
Baby at 20 weeks ……
Baby is more active. Mother can feel slight fluttering.
Baby is more active. Mother can feel slight fluttering.
Baby is covered by fine, downy hair called lanugo (luh-NOO-goh) and aawaxy
Baby is covered by fine, downy hair called lanugo (luh-NOO-goh) and waxy
coating called vernix. This protects the forming skin underneath.
coating called vernix. This protects the forming skin underneath.
Eyebrows, eyelashes, fingernails, and toenails have formed.
Eyebrows, eyelashes, fingernails, and toenails have formed.
Baby can hear and swallow.
Baby can hear and swallow.
34. Second Trimester of Pregnancy
Weeks 13 thru 28
Baby at 24 weeks ……
Baby at 24 weeks ……
Bone marrow begins to make blood cells.
Bone marrow begins to make blood cells.
Taste buds form on your baby's tongue.
Taste buds form on your baby's tongue.
Footprints and fingerprints have formed.
Footprints and fingerprints have formed.
Real hair begins to grow on baby's head.
Real hair begins to grow on baby's head.
The lungs are formed, but do not work.
The lungs are formed, but do not work.
The hand and startle reflex develop.
The hand and startle reflex develop.
Your baby sleeps and wakes regularly.
Your baby sleeps and wakes regularly.
IfIfbaby is aaboy, his testicles begin to move from the
baby is boy, his testicles begin to move from the
abdomen into the scrotum.
abdomen into the scrotum.
IfIfbaby is aagirl, her uterus and ovaries are in place, and
baby is girl, her uterus and ovaries are in place, and
aalifetime supply of eggs have formed in the ovaries.
lifetime supply of eggs have formed in the ovaries.
35. Third Trimester of Pregnancy
Weeks 29 thru 40
Baby at 32 weeks ……
Baby at 32 weeks ……
Baby's bones are fully formed, but still soft.
Baby's bones are fully formed, but still soft.
Baby's kicks and jabs are forceful.
Baby's kicks and jabs are forceful.
The eyes can open and close and sense changes in light.
The eyes can open and close and sense changes in light.
Lungs are not fully formed, but practice "breathing" movements occur.
Lungs are not fully formed, but practice "breathing" movements occur.
Baby's body begins to store vital minerals, such as iron and calcium.
Baby's body begins to store vital minerals, such as iron and calcium.
36. Third Trimester of Pregnancy
Weeks 29 thru 40
Baby at 37 - - 40 weeks ……
Baby at 37 40 weeks ……
By the end of 37 weeks, baby is considered full term.
By the end of 37 weeks, baby is considered full term.
Baby's organs are ready to function on their own.
Baby's organs are ready to function on their own.
As due date approaches, the baby may turn into aahead-down
As due date approaches, the baby may turn into head-down
position for birth. Most babies "present" head down.
position for birth. Most babies "present" head down.
37. Fetal Membranes
Infant is surrounded by two membranous sacs
Amnion
– Inner sac
– Holds amniotic fluid in which fetus floats
Chorion
– Outer sac
– Protective
– Forms part of placenta
40. Placenta
Provides nourishment for fetus
Spongy blood-filled organ
Forms in uterus next to fetus
Commonly called afterbirth
Fetus attached to
placenta by umbilical cord
42. Stages of Labor and Delivery
Dilation stage
– First stage
– Strong uterine muscle
contractions pushes fetus
against cervix
Effacement
– Thinning of the cervix
Dilation
– Expands to 10 cm
44. Stages of Labor and Delivery
Expulsion stage
– Second stage
– Begins with full dilation of
cervix
– Ends with birth of baby
Crowning
– When head appears
49. Breech Birth
Normally crown of head appears first in birth canal
Any other body part appearing
first is breech presentation
Buttocks first is most common
51. Male [ andr/o ]
Reproductive System
HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professionals
Florida State College of Jacksonville
Professor: Michael L.Whitchurch, MHS
52. Male Reproductive System at a Glance
Functions of Male Reproductive System
– Produces sperm
– Delivers sperm to female reproductive tract
– Secretes male sex hormones
53. Male Reproductive System at a Glance
Organs of Male Reproductive System
– Testes
– Epididymis
– Vas deferens
– Seminal vesicle
– Prostate gland
– Bulbourethral gland
– Penis
54. Male Combining Forms
andr/o male
balan/o glans penis
crypt/o hidden
epididym/o epididymis
orch/o testes
orchi/o testes
orchid/o testes
55. Male Combining Forms
prostat/o prostate
spermat/o sperm
testicul/o testes
varic/o varicose veins
vas/o vas deferens
vesicul/o seminal vesicle
57. Anatomy and Physiology - Function
Testes produce sperm
Vas deferens and epididymis transport semen
Reproductive glands add vital fluids to sperm
– Produces semen
Penis delivers semen to vagina
Testes produce male sex hormones
– Testosterone
58. External Genitalia
Located outside the body
– Penis
– Two testes
– Two epididymides (plural for epididymis)
59. Internal Genitalia
Located in pelvic cavity
– Two vas deferentia (plural for vas deferens)
– Two seminal vesicles
– Prostate gland
– Two bulbourethral glands
61. Testes
Singular is testis; also
called testicles
Oval-shaped organs in
scrotum
Produce sperm
62. Testes
Secrete testosterone
– Necessary for proper
development of sperm
– Stimulates growth and
development of male
reproductive organs
– Produces male secondary
sexual characteristics
64. Spermatogenesis
Process that produces sperm
– Occurs within seminiferous tubules of testes
The testes must be maintained at proper temperature for
sperm to survive
– This lower temperature level is achieved by suspending testes in
scrotum outside body
– Scrotum is sac that contains testes, epididymides, and beginning
of vas deferentia
66. Epididymis
Coiled tube-shaped organ
Lies on top of testes
within scrotum
Location for sperm
maturation and storage
Releases sperm into vas
deferens
68. Penis
Shaft of penis
– Contains urethra
Glans penis
– Tip of the penis
– Protected, covered by the
prepuce (foreskin)
69. Penis
Contains erectile tissue
Increased blood flow during sexual stimulation results in
erection
– Allows it to be placed within vagina
– Ejaculation of semen
70. Urethra
Male urethra extends from urinary bladder to the external
opening at tip of penis
– Urinary meatus
Serves a dual function:
– Elimination of urine
– Ejaculation of semen
– During ejaculation, sphincter closes to keep urine from escaping
– Sometimes referred to as Genitourinary System
72. Vas Deferens
Carries sperm from
epididymis up into pelvic
cavity
– Travels up in front of urinary
bladder, over top, and then
back down posterior side of
the bladder
– Empties into urethra
73. Spermatic Cord
Cord-like structure between pelvic cavity and scrotum
Consists of:
– Two vas deferentia
– Nerves
– Arteries
– Veins
– Lymphatic vessels
75. Seminal Vesicles
Two glands
At base of urinary bladder
Connected to vas
deferens just before it
empties into urethra
76. Seminal Vesicles
Secrete a fluid that nourishes sperm
– Rich in glucose
This fluid, along with sperm, constitutes semen
– Fluid ejaculated during sexual intercourse
78. Prostate Gland
Single gland located just
below urinary bladder
Surrounds urethra
– Vas deferens empties into
urethra within prostate
79. Prostate Gland
Secretes alkaline fluid
– Neutralizes pH of urethra and vagina
– Critical for sperm survival
Enlargement of prostate puts pressure on
both urethra and vas deferens
– Causes problems with both urination and ejaculation
81. Bulbourethral Gland
Also known as
Cowper’s glands
Two small glands
– Either side of urethra
– Just below prostate
Secrete mucus-like
lubricating fluid
83. Word Building with andr/o & balan/o
–gen androgen male producing
–pathy andropathy male disease
–itis balanitis inflammation of glans penis
–plasty balanoplasty surgical repair of glans penis
–rrhea balanorrhea discharge from glans penis
84. Word Building with epididym/o & orch/o
–ectomy epididymectomy removal of epididymis
–al epididymal pertaining to epididymis
–itis epididymitis inflammation of epididymis
an– –ism anorchism condition of no testes
85. Word Building with orchi/o & orchid/o
–ectomy orchiectomy removal of testes
–otomy orchiotomy incision into testes
–plasty orchioplasty surgical repair of testes
–ectomy orchidectomy removal of testes
–pexy orchidopexy surgical fixation of testes
86. Word Building with prostat/o & spermat/o
–itis prostatitis inflammation of prostate
–
prostatectomy removal of prostate
–ic spermatic pertaining to sperm
–ic prostatic pertaining to prostate
–lysis spermatolysis destruction of sperm
87. Word Building with testicul/o & vesicul/o
–ar testicular pertaining to testes
–ar vesicular pertaining to seminal vesicles
88. Word Building with –spermia
a– aspermia condition of no sperm
oligo– oligospermia condition of scanty sperm
89. Male Reproductive System Vocabulary
inability to engage in sexual intercourse due to
erectile
inability to maintain an erection; also called
dysfunction (ED)
impotence
inability to father children due to a problem with
sterility
spermatogenesis
90. Testes Pathology
failure of testes to descend into scrotum
cryptorchidism before birth
accumulation of fluid around testes or along
hydrocele
spermatic cord
testicular carcinoma malignant tumor of testes
testicular torsion twisting of spermatic cord
varicocele varicose veins of the spermatic cord
91. Prostate Gland Pathology
benign prostatic noncancerous enlargement of prostate gland;
hypertrophy (BPH) common in older men
prostate cancer malignant tumor of prostate gland
92. Penis Pathology
congenital opening of urethra on dorsal surface of
epispadias
penis
congenital opening of urethra on underside of
hypospadias
penis
phimosis narrowing of prepuce; constricts glans penis
persistent and painful erection; caused by
priapism pathology, not sexual stimulation
93. Sexually Transmitted Disease
chancroid highly infections non-syphilitic venereal ulcer
chlamydia bacterial genital infection in males & females
genital
viral infection that appears like blisters
herpes
warts on the genitalia of both males & females; caused
genital warts
by a virus
gonorrhea bacterial infection of mucous membranes of males &
(GC) females
94. Sexually Transmitted Disease
human
sexually transmitted virus that attacks immune
immunodeficiency
system
virus (HIV)
disease usually acquired as a result of sexual
sexually transmitted
intercourse; formerly called venereal disease
disease (STD)
(VD)
chronic bacterial infection; attacks multiple
syphilis
organs including brain
genitourinary infection caused by a protist in
trichomoniasis
both males and females
95. Clinical Laboratory Tests
prostate-specific
blood test to screen for prostate cancer
antigen (PSA)
part of fertility workup; analyzed for number,
semen analysis
swimming strength, and shape
97. Surgical Procedures
castration removal of testes
circumcision removal of prepuce
surgical fixation to pin undescended testes
orchidopexy
in scrotum
process of rendering a male or female
sterilization
unable to conceive children
98. Surgical Procedures
transurethral resection of removal of prostate tissue by inserting
prostate (TUR, TURP) device through urethra
removal of a segment of vas deferens to
vasectomy
prevent sperm from ejaculating
reconnects ends of vas deferens to
vasovasostomy
reverse a vasectomy
100. Male Reproductive System Pharmacology
replacement of male Andronate,
androgen therapy
hormones DepAndro
shrinks benign prostatic Proscar,
antiprostatic agents
hypertrophy Avodart
erectile dysfunction temporarily produces
Viagra, Cialis
agents erection
Semicid, Ortho-
spermatocide destroys sperm
Gynol
101. Male Reproductive System
Abbreviations
BPH benign prostatic hypertrophy
DRE digital rectal exam
ED erectile dysfunction
GC gonorrhea
GU genitourinary
PSA prostate-specific antigen
102. Male Reproductive System
Abbreviations
RPR rapid plasma reagin (test for syphilis)
SPP suprapubic prostatectomy
STD sexually transmitted disease
TUR transurethral resection
TURP transurethral resection of prostate
VD venereal disease