Ch 11.1

CHAPTER 11
Enlightenment and Revolution in
England and America

Section 1:Civil War and Revolution
Section 2: Constitutional Monarchy
in England
Section 3: English Colonial Expansion
Section 4: The Enlightenment
Section 5: The American Revolution

SECTION 1 revised 08/11/10

Civil War and Revolution
Bell Ringer 11.1:
What were some of the causes of the
English Civil War?
English
Civil War

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Parliament
… the first king to ask townspeople, knights, clergy,
and nobles to advise him was Edward I (ruled 1272-1307).

In 1295, these
representatives met in the
first Parliament to enact
laws.

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Early Parliament
…was divided into the House of Lords and
the House of Commons.
The Lords included nobles and church
leaders, who inherited their seats.

The Commons was made up of wealthy
merchants, elected or appointed.

Edward I felt that the new middle
classes would be more willing to
pay taxes if they helped make
laws.

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Modern nation-states developed first in Europe between
1500 and 1800.

New ideas about gov’t spread …
especially about how much
power a king/monarch had over
his subjects.

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Once upon a time, there was
an island …

And the island was known as
England to the south…
and Scotland to the north.
And just to the west … was the
land of Ireland.

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The king of England –
Charles I – truly believed
in the Divine Right of Kings.

This attitude kept him quite
out of touch with his subjects.

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Charles had inherited the same
financial problem that his
father had:

the refusal of Parliament to
grant funds to a king who
refused to address the
grievances of the nobility.

The king was not listening to
the nobility and they were
ticked off!

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Three times summoned and three times dissolved through
1625-1629, Parliament went the next 11 years without being
summoned, as Charles financed his reign by selling
commercial monopolies and extracting ship money (a fee
demanded from towns for building naval warships).

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Charles' marriage to the Henrietta Maria
devoutly Catholic French
princess infuriated the
Puritan nobility, as her
Catholic friends flooded into
the royal court.

You wouldn’t think this was a big
deal but remember Henry VIII ? –
England was now a Protestant
country and couldn’t stand the idea
of Catholics having any influence
in the gov’t.

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Charles attempted to force a
new prayer book on the
Scots who as Presbyterians
did NOT appreciate it.

Don’t force the Scots to
choose between King and
Church …..

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Charles now needs money to put down
the Scots Rebellion ….
He doesn’t have a choice he has to call
Parliament back.

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Charles still hasn’t learned
how to work with
Parliament -

The struggle
between the king and
Parliament leads to
CIVIL WAR!
Cover of a Parliamentarian tract on
the raising of the King's Standard at
Nottingham in 1642.

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Now everyone has to choice sides…

Whose side would you take?
The supporters of the King or
those who supported
Parliament?

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Religious and economic issues added to the differences between the
supporters of the monarchy and the supporters of Parliament.
• Cavaliers • Roundheads
– Peasants – Growing middle class
– Nobility with Anglican – tradesmen
roots – Puritans
– Northern and western – South and eastern
England – farmlands counties – more
and estates population &
prosperous

Propaganda

Roundhead
Propaganda
Condemning the
Cruelties of the
Cavaliers:
Nehemiah Rides
Out, 1644

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The Roundheads,
with deeper
pockets and more
population from
which to draw,
were destined to
win the battle.

Art

And When Did You Last See Your Father? William Frederick Yeames (1835-1918)
*The scene is set in a Royalist manor house during the Civil War. A young boy is being questioned by Roundheads as to
the whereabouts of his father. His mother and sisters listen anxiously, fearful that he may inadvertently betray his father.

Political Cartoon

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Oliver Cromwell and his
New Model Army soundly
beat the Cavaliers in 1645 at
Naseby .

Scarcely a year later Charles
surrendered to Scotland,
which promptly turned the
king over to Parliament for a
nominal ransom.

Video Clip
In 1648, Charles was put on trial for treason; the tribunal, by a vote
of 68 to 67, found the king guilty and ordered his execution in 1649.

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Cromwell
New Model Army

Rump Parliament

commonwealth

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Why didn’t the English
overthrow Cromwell’s
commonwealth like
they did Charles I?

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End of the Commonwealth

TIMELINE
King Charles
Charles I I of England Cromwell
Lord
dismissed is beheaded. dies; his son
Cromwell
Parliament OPPS! Richard
crushes
because they succeeds him
the
wouldn’t give but resigns in
Royalist
him money! 1659
forces!

1629 1642 1644-45 1647 1649 1649 1658 1660

King Chuck Charles II
King Chuck
attempted to is
surrenders
arrest proclaimed
in Scotland
members of King of
and they
Parliament – England!
SELL him to
RUTROW! Oliver Let the
England for
Cromwell, Lord partay
£400
Protector of the begin!
Commonwealth
rules until 1658

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Let the
party
begin!
Chuck II
returns!!

Visual Source

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Get your notes!
QUIZ TIME!

You can use anything YOU wrote!

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Dismiss Parliament
civil war
commonwealth
Petition of Right Choose from this
written constitution term bank.
Charles II
Roundheads
military dictator
Long Parliament
Oliver Cromwell

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Bell Ringer 11.1:
What were some of the causes of the
longstanding
conflict between
English Civil War?
royalty and
Parliament
Irish rebellion

English
Civil War

general population
rejected radical efforts of Long
Puritans’ attempted Parliament to limit the
changes in the church monarchy’s power

Ch 11.1

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