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One-child policy

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wenjia wang
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One-Child Policy Wenjia Wang
Who We Are National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China
Outline  Original One-Child Policy Background Goals Trend and Effects  Two-Child Policy Goals and Causes Effects Costs and Benefits  Evaluation  Conclusion & Recommendation
Original One-Child Policy  Background Introduced in 1979 Historical Situation Chairman Mao’ Population Policy Reform and Opening-up Policy
Original One-Child Policy  Why was the policy needed Before the policy, the average amount of children per women was 6. (overpopulation) The growth rate in 1972 was 24% China has a quarter of the world’s population but only 7% of the world’s land.  The aim is to limit China’s population to 1.2 billion by 2000. 5
Original One-Child Policy  Administration and Implementation  Regulations include restrictions on family size, late marriage and childbearing  At provincial and county levels devise local strategies for implementation  (for urban residents and government employees; In rural areas.) 6
Original One-child Policy  Achievements
Original One-Child Policy  Negative Effects Unbalanced sex ratios Changes on Family Structure Speed population aging
Unbalanced Sex Ratios
Changes on Family Structure
Population Aging
Worsening Age Structure
“Four-two-one” problem VS pension system
Two-child Policy  Definition
Two-child Policy Debate Population Explosion Little or No Effect
Two-child Policy  Goals and Causes Balance Sex Ratios Ease Population Aging Balance Family Structure  Cost and Benefits  Effects
Two-Child Policy  Costs Two-Child policy would potentially bring greater burden on households since the expense to raise children are soaring every year.
Two-Child Policy  Benefits Individual: Less Pressure Society: Labor Force
Two-Child Policy  Effects: Sex Ratio Lobar Force Releasing Aging Problem Housing
Two-Child Policy  Implementation Policy Detail (from “Shuangdu” to “Dandu”) Impact of Marriage Law (obligation on children) Pilot Provinces
Evaluation  Healthy population structure http://investing.calsci.com/blog9-9-09.html
Evaluation  Relations with GDP
Evaluation  Relation with education level of women (data from the UDHS 2006)
http://www.zhihu.com/question/21908793
Conclusion & Recommendation Conclusion  It needs to implement two-child policy  to ease the aging society pressure, balance the sex ratios and have a health population structure;  no worry about boost of fertility rate
Conclusion & Recommendation Recommendation Relief living pressure for young couples  Giving Rewards  Control Housing Prices 28
One-child policy

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One-child policy