Cellular respiration

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Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

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Students will derive the relationshipStudents will derive the relationship
between single-celled and multi-celledbetween single-celled and multi-celled
organisms and the increasingorganisms and the increasing
complexity of systems.complexity of systems.
a. Explain the cycling of energya. Explain the cycling of energy
through the process ofthrough the process of
photosynthesis and respiration.photosynthesis and respiration.

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Today’s ObjectiveToday’s Objective
Given information and/orGiven information and/or
diagrams on cellulardiagrams on cellular
respiration, write and/orrespiration, write and/or
identify the cellularidentify the cellular
respiration equation, rawrespiration equation, raw
materials, products, andmaterials, products, and
sites.sites.

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Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration is the processCellular Respiration is the process
that releases energy by breakingthat releases energy by breaking
down food molecules in the presencedown food molecules in the presence
of oxygen.of oxygen.
Occurs in the mitochondriaOccurs in the mitochondria
6O6O22 + C+ C66HH1212OO66  6CO6CO22 + 6H+ 6H22O +O +
EnergyEnergy
Oxygen + GlucoseOxygen + Glucose  Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide
+ Water + Energy+ Water + Energy

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Anaerobic RespirationAnaerobic Respiration
Also called FermentationAlso called Fermentation
No oxygen is presentNo oxygen is present
1 Glucose only partially broken down1 Glucose only partially broken down
to form waste products and 2 ATP’sto form waste products and 2 ATP’s

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Aerobic RespirationAerobic Respiration
Has to have oxygenHas to have oxygen
VERY EFFICIENTVERY EFFICIENT
Most organisms on earth are aerobicMost organisms on earth are aerobic
1 glucose1 glucose completelycompletely broken down tobroken down to
carbon dioxide and watercarbon dioxide and water
CC66HH1212OO66 + 6 O+ 6 O22  6 CO6 CO22 + 6 H+ 6 H22O + EO + E

7. THINK CRITICALLYTHINK CRITICALLY
To function properly, heart muscle CellsTo function properly, heart muscle Cells
require a steady supply of Oxygen. After arequire a steady supply of Oxygen. After a
heart attack, small amounts of lactic acidheart attack, small amounts of lactic acid
are present. What does this evidenceare present. What does this evidence
suggest about the nature of a heart attack?suggest about the nature of a heart attack?
Certain types of bacteria thrive in conditionsCertain types of bacteria thrive in conditions
that lack oxygen. What does that factthat lack oxygen. What does that fact
indicate about the way they obtain energy?indicate about the way they obtain energy?
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GlycolysisGlycolysis
Glycolysis is the process in which oneGlycolysis is the process in which one
molecule of glucose is broken in half,molecule of glucose is broken in half,
producing two molecules of pyruvicproducing two molecules of pyruvic
acid.acid.
2 ATP needed to start reaction, 42 ATP needed to start reaction, 4
ATP are produced thus the net gainATP are produced thus the net gain
is 2 ATP.is 2 ATP.
Anaerobic ProcessAnaerobic Process
Occurs in the cytoplasmOccurs in the cytoplasm

9. Think CriticallyThink Critically
How does glycolysis depend onHow does glycolysis depend on
aerobic and anaerobicaerobic and anaerobic
processes?processes?
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FermentationFermentation
Releases energy from glucose without theReleases energy from glucose without the
presence of oxygen.presence of oxygen.
There are two types of fermentation:There are two types of fermentation:
alcoholic and lactic acid.alcoholic and lactic acid.
Alcoholic fermentation is done by yeastsAlcoholic fermentation is done by yeasts
and some microorganisms. It producesand some microorganisms. It produces
alcohol & Carbon Dioxidealcohol & Carbon Dioxide
– PyruvatePyruvate  2 Ethanol + 2 CO2 Ethanol + 2 CO22 + 2 NAD+ 2 NAD++
Lactic Acid is produced by muscles duringLactic Acid is produced by muscles during
rapid exercise when the body cannotrapid exercise when the body cannot
supply enough oxygen.supply enough oxygen.
– PyruvatePyruvate  2 Lactic Acid + 2 NAD2 Lactic Acid + 2 NAD++
Anaerobic ProcessAnaerobic Process

11. THINK CRITICALLYTHINK CRITICALLY
Yeast cells can carry out bothYeast cells can carry out both
fermentation and cellularfermentation and cellular
respiration, depending on whetherrespiration, depending on whether
oxygen is present. In which caseoxygen is present. In which case
would you expect yeast cells towould you expect yeast cells to
grow more rapidly? Explain.grow more rapidly? Explain.
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The Krebs CycleThe Krebs Cycle
During the Krebs Cycle, pyruvic acidDuring the Krebs Cycle, pyruvic acid
is broken down into carbon dioxide inis broken down into carbon dioxide in
a series of energy-extractinga series of energy-extracting
reactions.reactions.
– Carbon dioxide enters the Calvin CycleCarbon dioxide enters the Calvin Cycle
Citric Acid is created in this cycleCitric Acid is created in this cycle
thus giving it the nickname Citricthus giving it the nickname Citric
Acid cycle.Acid cycle.
Net ATP Production is 2 ATP.Net ATP Production is 2 ATP.
Aerobic ProcessAerobic Process
Occurs in the matrix of mitochondriaOccurs in the matrix of mitochondria

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Electron Transport ChainElectron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain uses theThe electron transport chain uses the
high-energy electrons from the Krebshigh-energy electrons from the Krebs
Cycle to convert ADP to ATP.Cycle to convert ADP to ATP.
Oxygen combines with HOxygen combines with H++
to formto form
water which is sent to light reactionwater which is sent to light reaction
Occurs in the inner membrane of theOccurs in the inner membrane of the
mitochondriamitochondria
Total ATP 32.Total ATP 32.

14. THINK CRITICALLYTHINK CRITICALLY
Carbon monoxide (CO) moleculesCarbon monoxide (CO) molecules
bring the electron transport chain in abring the electron transport chain in a
mitochondrion to a stop by binding tomitochondrion to a stop by binding to
an electron carrier. Use thisan electron carrier. Use this
Information to explain why carbonInformation to explain why carbon
monoxide gas kills organismsmonoxide gas kills organisms
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TotalsTotals
Glycolysis 2 ATPGlycolysis 2 ATP
Krebs Cycle 2 ATPKrebs Cycle 2 ATP
Electron Transport Chain 32 ATPElectron Transport Chain 32 ATP
Total = 36 ATPTotal = 36 ATP

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Energy & ExerciseEnergy & Exercise
Quick energyQuick energy – Lactic Acid– Lactic Acid
fermentation is used to get quickfermentation is used to get quick
energy and gives off lactic acid as aenergy and gives off lactic acid as a
by product, thus the muscle pain.by product, thus the muscle pain.
Long-Term EnergyLong-Term Energy – Use cellular– Use cellular
respiration to produce energy.respiration to produce energy.
Exercising or activities that last for atExercising or activities that last for at
least 15 to 20 minutes. Best form forleast 15 to 20 minutes. Best form for
weight control.weight control.

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Comparing Photosynthesis &Comparing Photosynthesis &
RespirationRespiration
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis CellularCellular
RespirationRespiration
FunctionFunction Energy StorageEnergy Storage EnergyEnergy
ReleaseRelease
LocationLocation ChloroplastsChloroplasts MitochondriaMitochondria
ReactantsReactants COCO22 and Hand H22OO CC66HH1212OO66 andand
OO22
ProductsProducts CC66HH1212OO66 and Oand O22 COCO22 and Hand H22OO
EquationEquation 6CO6CO22 + 6H+ 6H22OO 
CC66HH1212OO66 + 6O+ 6O22
CC66HH1212OO66 + 6O+ 6O22
6CO6CO22 + 6H+ 6H22OO

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Comparing Aerobic and AnaerobicComparing Aerobic and Anaerobic
RespirationRespiration
AerobicAerobic
(needs(needs
oxygen)oxygen)
AnaerobicAnaerobic
(no oxygen)(no oxygen)
Occurs in:Occurs in: MostMost
organismsorganisms
Mostly yeastMostly yeast
and bacteriaand bacteria
1 glucose1 glucose
makes:makes:
6 CO6 CO22 + 6+ 6
HH22OO
Ethanol + COEthanol + CO22
or lactic acidor lactic acid
Net ATPNet ATP
production:production:
3636 22

19. Think CriticallyThink Critically
Human brain cells do not useHuman brain cells do not use
fermentation. Explain why a lack offermentation. Explain why a lack of
oxygen for even a short period ofoxygen for even a short period of
time might result in the death oftime might result in the death of
brain cells.brain cells.
How do photosynthesis and cellularHow do photosynthesis and cellular
respiration form a cycle of energyrespiration form a cycle of energy
storage and use?storage and use?
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