Admin

1. CONCEPTS AND
PRINCIPLES OF
ORGANIZATION,
ADMINISTRATIO
N, AND
SUPERVISION

2. Organization
social units or human groupings
deliberately established for the
accomplishment of specific
objectives.
An organization is thus the result
of the grouping of work and the
allocation of duties,
responsibilities and authority to
achieve specific goals.

3. The School as an Organization
Educational institutions are
organizations.
Your school is an organization.
In the management of education, it
is important that the school head
understands that a school as an
organization has a specific purpose.

4. Responsibilities and Duties
People in various positions in
the organization have to carry
these out. These responsibilities
and duties are worked out from
the functions.
Responsibilities would include
broad statements of the job;
Duties are the day-to-day jobs
arising from the responsibilities.

5. Tasks
These are specific activities
within a duty.
Standards
These describe the amount and
the quality of products from the
organization.

6. Targets
These are the amount and quality of products
which an organisation wishes to give out over
a given time.
Organization
title of the organisation: its name, logo or
symbol or emblem or badge or trade mark,
motto, location and address
the mission statement and objectives of
the organisation
functions of the organisation
expected results and products.

7. Administration and Management
Some people use management to
mean administration.
However, management in an
organization involves planning,
designing, initiating actions, monitoring
activities and demanding results on
the basis of allocated resources. It is
policy making, policy control and
monitoring.

8. Administration
Administration involves
implementation of the policies,
procedures, rules and regulations
as set up by the management.
A school head plays the role of an
administrator in the implementation
of policies on education within the
country.

9. Educational Administration
The arrangement of the human and
material resources and programme
available for education and carefully
using them systematically for the
achievement of educational
objectives

10. Educational administrator is essentially
the organiser, the implementer of plans,
policies and programmes meant for
achieving specific educational objectives.
The educational administrator may
contribute, one way or the other, in
planning, policy – making and
programme designing, yet his major role
rests with the effective and efficient
implementation of such plans, policies
and programmes for the benefit of
education.

11. Educational Administration
Educational administration is concerned
with organization and implementation – it
may be categorized under broad areas of
1. Planning and Policy
2. Implementation

12. Supervision and Inspection
supervision was a hand of assistance
given to a professional colleague in
the process of instructional delivery.
inspection activities focused on
school administration and finding
faults as well as what was wrongly
done by the teachers in order to
punish them.

13. Objective of Supervision of Instruction
to improve the overall teaching
process and to ensure that effective
educational services are rendered by
the teachers to the students.

14. Supervision of Instruction
Supervision of instruction is a professional,
continuous and cooperative exercise that
covers all the aspects of the life of a school. It
covers all the sub-systems of the school and
influences them.
The main purpose of influencing all the sub-
systems in the school is to ensure
improvement in teaching-learning situation
and also to ensure quality teaching and
learning in the school

15. Supervisions and leadership
In addition to the managerial and
administrative role, the head teacher has a
supervisory and a leadership role.
Purpose of Supervision of Instruction
to ensure that the right instruction is passed
to the students with the right method by the
right people at the right time. This will
influence the attainment of the major
instructional and educational goals.

16. Reasons for carrying out supervision of
instruction in schools
•assess and establish the performance of the
teachers in the school,
•provide specific assistance to teachers with
deficient teaching methods,
•discover teachers with special teaching skills and
qualities in schools,
ascertain and assess teachers classroom
management skills,
•provide level play ground for teachers growth and
development,
provide both knowledge and encouragement to
young and inexperienced teachers

17. •provide teachers with professional
magazines, journals or references that
would enlighten, motivate and encourage
them to be familiar with changes in the
instructional delivery methodologies,
•ensure the conformity of the dissenting
teachers to the appropriate instructional
delivery methods through directional
leadership,

18. •organize induction programme to new
teachers on various teaching methods
available and make available other staff
development programme that should
serve as incentives to improve
incompetent teachers, and
Assess the overall climate of the
instruction available in the school and
identify some of its most urgent needs.