If you build a site from scratch you will need to upload your files to your hosting account. You can do this via cPanel, but it is more common to use File Transfer Protocol (FTP). FTP Software lets you drag and drop files from your computer onto your server. SFTP does the same thing, but with an added layer of security protecting your login credentials and content transferred. Secure Shell (SSH) lets you access your server using command line software like Terminal. If you learn more advanced development you may use SSH along with version control software like Git.

1. WEB HOSTING
Module 3: File Transfers

2. INTRODUCTION
If you build a site from scratch you will need to
upload your files to your hosting account. You can
do this via cPanel, but it is more common to use File
Transfer Protocol (FTP).
FTP Software lets you drag and drop files from your
computer onto your server. SFTP does the same
thing, but with an added layer of security protecting
your login credentials and content transferred.
Secure Shell (SSH) lets you access your server
using command line software like Terminal. If you
learn more advanced development you may use
SSH along with version control software like Git.

3. MODULE OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of this module, you should
be able to:
• Define the File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
• Understand the difference between FTP
and SFTP.
• Recognize the SSH protocol.
• Apply your knowledge to create a
repository on GitHub and upload files via
SFTP.

4. FTP
FTP is an acronym for File Transfer Protocol. As
the name suggests, FTP is used to transfer files
between computers on a network. You can use
FTP to exchange files between computer
accounts, transfer files between an account and a
desktop computer, or access online software
archives. Keep in mind, however, that many FTP
sites are heavily used and require several
attempts before connecting.

5. SFTP
The SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), also
known as the Secure File Transfer Protocol,
enables secure file transfer capabilities between
networked hosts. Unlike the Secure Copy Protocol
(SCP), SFTP additionally provides remote file
system management functionality, allowing
applications to resume interrupted file transfers,
list the contents of remote directories, and delete
remote files.
The command-line secure file transfer program
(sftp) and graphical SFTP clients, such as
WinSCP and Fetch, use SSH2 encryption to
authenticate and establish secure channels
between networked hosts. Although SFTP clients
are functionally similar to FTP clients, they employ
different protocols; consequently, you cannot use a
standard FTP client to connect to an SFTP server.

6. SFTP SOFTWARE
The term SFTP can also refer to Secure file transfer program, a command-line program that implements the client
part of this protocol. As an example, the sftp program supplied with OpenSSH implements this.
Some implementations of the scp program support both the SFTP and SCP protocols to perform file transfers,
depending on what the server supports.
SFTP CLIENT SFTP SERVER SFTP PROXY

7. SFTP SOFTWARE
Some FTP server implementations implement the SFTP protocol, however, outside of dedicated file servers, SFTP
protocol support is usually provided by an SSH server implementation, as it shares the default port of 22 with other
SSH services. SFTP implementations may include an SSH protocol implementation to leverage integration of SSH
connection details with preexisting FTP server access controls, where an alternative SSH server is tolerable or where
alternative ports may be used. An SSH2 server which supports subsystems may be leveraged to keep a uniform
SSH implementation while enhancing access controls with third party software, at the cost of fine-grained integration
with connection details, and SSH1 compatibility.
SFTP CLIENT SFTP SERVER SFTP PROXY

8. SFTP SOFTWARE
It is difficult to control SFTP transfers on security devices at the network perimeter. There are standard tools for
logging FTP transactions, like TIS fwtk or SUSE FTP proxy, but SFTP is encrypted, rendering traditional proxies
ineffective for controlling SFTP traffic.
There are some tools that implement man-in-the-middle for SSH which also feature SFTP control. Examples of such
a tool are Shell Control Box from Balabit and CryptoAuditor from SSH Communications Security (the original
developer of the Secure Shell protocol) which provides functions such as SFTP transaction logging and logging of
the actual data transmitted on the wire.
SFTP CLIENT SFTP SERVER SFTP PROXY

9. Let’s see..
PAYING ATTENTION?
Select one of the
options. Then move on
to the next slide to check
your answer.
Which of the following statements are true about SFTP?
SFTP is less secure than FTP
SFTP protocol support is usually provided by an SSH server
implementation
Enables secure file transfer capabilities between networked
hosts

10. Let’s see..
PAYING ATTENTION?
Select one of the
options. Then move on
to the next slide to check
your answer.
Which of the following statements is true about SFTP?
SFTP is more secure than FTP
SFTP protocol support is usually provided by an SSH server
implementation
Enables secure file transfer capabilities between networked
hosts
SFTP is more secure than FTP

11. SECURE SHELL
Secure Shell (SSH) is a cryptographic network
protocol for operating network services securely over
an unsecured network. The best known example
application is for remote login to computer systems
by users.
SSH provides a secure channel over an unsecured
network in a client-server architecture, connecting an
SSH client application with an SSH server.
Common applications include remote command-line
login and remote command execution, but any
network service can be secured with SSH. The
protocol specification distinguishes between two
major versions, referred to as SSH-1 and SSH-2.
The most visible application of the protocol is for
access to shell accounts on Unix-like operating
systems, but it sees some limited use on Windows
as well. In 2015, Microsoft announced that they
would include native support for SSH in a future
release.

12. GITHUB
You may have heard that GitHub is a code sharing and
publishing service, or that it’s a social networking site for
programmers. Both statements are true, but neither explain
exactly why GitHub is special.
At the heart of GitHub is Git, Git is a “version control system,”
what’s that mean? When developers are creating something (an
application, for example), they are making constant changes to
the code and releasing new versions, up to and after the first
official (non-beta) release.
Version control systems keep these revisions straight, and store
the modifications in a central repository. This allows developers
to easily collaborate, as they can download a new version of the
software, make changes, and upload the newest revision. Every
developer can see these new changes, download them, and
contribute.

13. REPOSITORY
A repository is a location where all the files for a particular
project are stored, usually abbreviated to “repo.” Each project
will have its own repo, and can be accessed by a unique URL.

14. Let’s see..
PAYING ATTENTION?
Select one of the
options. Then move on
to the next slide to check
your answer.
True or False:
Github allows you to store projects and share them with other
people.
True
False

15. Let’s see..
PAYING ATTENTION?
Select one of the
options. Then move on
to the next slide to check
your answer.
True or False:
Github allows you to store projects and share them with other
people.
True
False

16. cPANEL
FILE MANAGEMENT
The File Manager allows you to
manage your site through HTTP
rather than an FTP tool or other
third-party application. You can
upload, create or delete files,
organize files in folders and change
file permissions. While not as
sophisticated as most FTP tools,
File Manager gives you all the basic
functionality necessary to manage
your site.

17. cPANEL
FILE MANAGEMENT
cPanel file management tools provides a
great solution for keeping your
information organized.
File Backups
The backup tool allows the user to save specific directories of the
website which can be downloaded onto a users computer. In the event
of a website failure or issue, the user can upload the backup files and
restore the website to its previous state. Users can download the entire
home directory, MySQL database, email forwarders and filters.

18. cPANEL
FILE MANAGEMENT
cPanel file management tools provides a
great solution for keeping your
information organized.
Backup Wizard
This easy-to-use tool provides a step-by-step way for website owners to
create backups, as well restoring backup files. This feature is used
much in the same way as the backup manager where full or partial file
restores can be completed.

19. cPANEL
FILE MANAGEMENT
cPanel file management tools provides a
great solution for keeping your
information organized.
File Manager
This updated File Manager has the same features as the Legacy File
Manager, except included is a WYSIWYG HTML editor. This allows
website owners to quickly make simple modifications to website files.
The File Manager also has an updated look and feel which makes
navigating the server even easier.

20. cPANEL
FILE MANAGEMENT
cPanel file management tools provides a
great solution for keeping your
information organized.
Legacy File Manager
This older Legacy File Manager is for those who are comfortable with
the older cPanel File Manager. This tool allows the user to access the
server from any computer and location. The easy to use interface has
the options to create new files and folders, upload and download files,
delete, rename, copy, move, change permissions, and edit files and
folders.

21. cPANEL
FILE MANAGEMENT
cPanel file management tools provides a
great solution for keeping your
information organized.
Web Disk
Web Disk lets website owners and users access files on their server as
if they were located on their computer. This makes it easier for users
who are uncomfortable using the File Manager or an FTP program to
make changes to their server files.

22. cPANEL
FILE MANAGEMENT
cPanel file management tools provides a
great solution for keeping your
information organized.
Disk Space Usage
This is a useful tool for viewing where data is most concentrated. If
there is a problem with disk space, the graphical results page quickly
shows where the most disk space is being used. Whether it is email,
main web folder, or even the size that databases are taking up.

23. cPANEL
FILE MANAGEMENT
cPanel file management tools provides a
great solution for keeping your
information organized.
FTP Account Management
cPanel lets the user create multiple FTP accounts. The FTP creation
tool lets the website owner define levels of access, set transfer quotas,
modify passwords, and provides configuration files that lets a user use
third party FTP clients.

24. cPANEL
FILE MANAGEMENT
cPanel file management tools provides a
great solution for keeping your
information organized.
FTP Session Control
With multiple FTP users, a website owner can become overwhelmed
and not know who is accessing server at any given time. The FTP
Session Control tools provides a way for website owners to see who is
currently accessing the server. The website owner can see which user
is currently logged in, their IP address they are connected from, the
login time, status, view Process ID, and manually disconnect a user.

25. Let’s see..
PAYING ATTENTION?
Select one of the
options. Then move on
to the next slide to check
your answer.
The tool that allows you to see which user is currently logged in
is…
Disk space usage
FTP Session control
FTP Accounts
Legacy File Manager

26. Let’s see..
PAYING ATTENTION?
Select one of the
options. Then move on
to the next slide to check
your answer.
Which hosting would you recommend for a low-traffic personal
website?
The FTP Session Control tools
provides a way for website owners to
see who is currently accessing the
server
Disk space usage
FTP Session control
FTP Accounts
Legacy File Manager

27. PRACTICE TASK
Take some time to
research and complete
this task.
1. Upload and update files using S/SFTP
2. Access your site using SSH
3. Setup a Github repo and push it to your site

28. CONGRATULATIONS!
You should now be able to:
• Define the File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
• Understand the difference between FTP
and SFTP.
• Recognize the SSH protocol.
• Apply your knowledge to create a
repository on GitHub and upload files via
SFTP.