This is a presentation made by the invited speaker Bruce McCormack at the Waternomics final event on 31/01/2017 for discussing Water Issues in Africa

1. AFRICA
WATER
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Bruce McCormack
Bruce McCormack Consulting
Presentation at Waternomics Conference
INSIGHT, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
31 January 2017

2. AFRICA
WHAT’S GOING ON
Population

3. POPULATION GROWTH
-
1.2b 2.5b
(2016 approx.) 34years (2050 est.)
…. 38m annually ….

4. WORLD POPULATION 2100 (guestimate)
UN 2100 estimate
Africa … 3.5b
Europe …. 700m

5. FERTILITY RATES

6. WHAT’S GOING ON
Urbanisation

7. GLOBAL URBAN LEVELS …2011 …

8. URBANISATION LEVELS
…. estimated 450m rural > urban population addition by 2050 (UNEP 2016) ….
…. another 13m annually ….

9. CITY SIZES 2050 FORECAST
…. urban growth rate 2010-15 = 4.2%pa (double in 17 years) ….
…. 2014 UN HABITAT estimate 203m living in slums ….

10. FORMAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT …. lots of it
BUT
……62% of Africa population live in informal settlements (urban & rural)
(UN Habitat 2013)
Cape Town, S Africa Lagos, Nigeria

11. INFORMAL SETTLEMENT
… major expanding issue …
KIBERA, NAIROBI

12. KIBERA
… approx. 250 000 people …

13. KIBERA
WATERCOURSES

14. KIBERA
WATER & SANITATION INFRASTRUCUTURE

15. WHAT’S GOING ON
Economy

16. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 2016

17. GDP PER CAPITA 2015

18. ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY (2010)

19. REAL GDP GROWTH 2016 (IMF)

20. MASSIVE MISSMATCH
POPULATION 2050 GDP NOW

21. WHAT’S GOING ON
Water

22. VERY DRY … VERY DRY
WET MIXED
DRY & VERY DRY …. MIXED
VARIATIONVARIATION
VARIATION
VARIATION
VARIATION VARIATION
VARIATION
VARIATION
VARIATION
VARIATION
VARIATION

23. WATER ISSUES … someQUALITY
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• SEDIMENTATION … eg overgrazing
• EUTROPHICATION … biodiversity loss,
fishing losses
• CHEMICALS, HEAVY METALS
• SOLID WASTE … litter, medical, etc.
• SEWAGE … urban areas particularly
• WETLAND LOSS … water & biodiversity loss
implications
• RIVER BANK VEGITATION LOSS
• ZOONOSES …. potential global threats
• GROUNDWATER QUALITY … pit latrines
• ETC …
QUANTITY
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• CAPTURE > STORAGE > DISTRIBUTION
> USAGE ISSUES … inefficiencies at each
stage
• CLIMATE CHANGE … big challenge
• DESERTIFICATION … creeping
• VARIABILITY… floods / droughts
• AQUIFER USAGE … big potential
in some areas
• DAMS … can radically impact on
flows/availability downstream + biodiversity
impacts
• ETC …

24. DEATHS DUE TO WATER BORNE DISEASES
+- 970 000 ….. PER ANNUM +- 970 00 ….. ANNUALLY
…… approx. Galway City 2016 population dying each month ……

25. THE CHALLENGE TO US
…. ALL OF US ….
Here in Ireland
Here in Europe
Globally

26. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS - WATER
GOAL
ENSURE AVAILABILITY AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF WATER AND SANITATION FOR ALL
TARGETS
• 6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all
• 6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special
attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations
• 6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals
and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally
• 6.4 By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of
freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity
• 6.5 By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as
appropriate
• 6.6 By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes
• 6.a By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries
in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination,
water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies
• 6.b Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management

27. WHAT SHOULD GO ON
(tech perspective)
LOW TECH HIGH TECH… AND …

28. TECHNOLOGY LEAP ….. its possible

29. TECHNOLOGY LEAP ….. its happened before

30. VISION and POLICY FRAMEWORK
… technology seen as a key driver …

31. OUR TODO LIST
VIA …..
---IRELAND Inc---
--- EUROPEAN UNION ---
--- OWN ORGANISATION ---
USE WATERNOMICS
….…and other knowledge/expertise

32. ITS COMPLEX …. not easy …. or quick
… but possible …………

33. THANK YOU