M-U-S-I-C

1. M-U-S-I-C

2. The word M-U-S-I-C is an Acronym, used by the
Central Computer & Telecommunication Agency
(CCTA), a UK organization to captured aspects of
open system environment.

3. Elements of MUSIC
The elements of MUSIC are:-
 M-Management
 U-User Interface
 S-Service Interface for Programs
 I-Information and Data Formats
 C-Communication Interfaces

4. C-Communication Interface
Communication include networking and
connectivity and the hardware and
software needed to achieve them.

5. Network Types (based on Scale)
Local Area Networks
(LAN) - room, building
 a group of PCs that share a
circuit.
Backbone Networks
(BN) - less than few kms
 a high speed backbone
linking together
organizational LANs at
various locations.

6. Network Types (based on Scale)
Metropolitan Area
Networks (MAN) -
(more than a few kms)
 connects LANs and BNs
across different locations
 Often uses leased lines or
other services used to
transmit data.
Wide Area Networks
(WANs) - (far greater
than 10 kms)
 Same as MAN except wider
scale

7. Intranet vs. Extranet
 Intranet
 A LAN that uses the Internet technologies within an organization
 Open only those inside the organization
 Example: insurance related information provided to employees
over an intranet
 Extranet
 A LAN that uses the Internet technologies across an organization
including some external constituents
 Open only those invited users outside the organization
 Accessible through the Internet
 Example: Suppliers and customers accessing inventory
information in a company over an extranet

8. • Developed in 1973 for use on the ARPANET which was a defense
force research network.
-Adopted in 1983 as the Internet standard.
all hosts on the Internet are required to use TCP/IP.
- Allows transfer of data using packet switching
TCP/IP

9. Layered Implementation of
Communications Functions
Applications
OS
Applications
OS
Multi layer
implementation
-Breaking down into
smaller components
-Easier to implement
Single layer
implementation
-Networking with
large components is
complex to
understand and
implement
Applications
OS
Applications
OS

10. Multi-layer Network Models
 The two most important such network models: OSI and
Internet
 Open Systems Interconnection Model
 Created by International Standards Organization (ISO) as a
framework for computer network standards in 1984
 Based on 7 layers
 Internet Model
 Created by DARPA originally in early 70’s
 Developed to solve to the problem of internetworking
 Based on 5 layers
 Based on Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) suite

11. 7-Layer Model of OSI
 Application Layer
 set of utilities used by application programs
 Presentation Layer
 formats data for presentation to the user
 provides data interfaces, data compression and translation
between different data formats
 Session Layer
 initiates, maintains and terminates each logical session between
sender and receiver
“Please Do Not Touch Steve’s Pet Alligators”
Physical DataLink Network Transport Session Presentation Application

12. 7-Layer Model of OSI
 Transport Layer
 deals with end-to-end issues such as segmenting the message for
network transport, and maintaining the logical connections
between sender and receiver
 Network Layer
 responsible for making routing decisions
 Data Link Layer
 deals with message delineation, error control and network
medium access control
 Physical Layer
 defines how individual bits are formatted to be transmitted
through the network

13. Internet’s 5-Layer Model
 Application Layer
 used by application program
 Transport Layer
 responsible for establishing end-to-end connections, translates
domain names into numeric addresses and segments messages
 Network Layer - same as in OSI model
 Data Link Layer - same as in OSI model
 Physical Layer - same as in OSI model
“Please Do Not Touch Alligators”
Physical DataLink Network Transport Application

14. Message Transmission Using Layers
Applications Applications
sender receiver
A receiving layer
wraps incoming
message with an
envelope
• Adds layer related
addressing
information
A receiving layer
removes the layer
related envelope and
forwards the
message up

15. Some Data Comm. Standards
Layer Common Standards
5. Application layer
HTTP, HTML (Web)
MPEG, H.323 (audio/video)
IMAP, POP (e-mail)
4. Transport layer
TCP (Internet)
SPX (Novell LANs)
3. Network layer IP (Internet)
IPX (Novell LANs)
2. Data link layer
Ethernet (LAN)
Frame Relay (WAN)
PPP (dial-up via modem for MAN)
1. Physical layer
RS-232c cable (LAN)
Category 5 twisted pair (LAN)
V.92 (56 kbps modem)

16. I-Information & Data Services
I-covers information in terms of data structure & services needed
to access and interchange data held in various forms.
Data is primarily held in databases.
To promote open systems, data management standardization is
needed together with the standardization of interfaces and process
related to interfaces.

17. Data vs. information:
What is data?
 Data can be defined in many
ways. Information science
defines data as unprocessed
information.
 What is information?
 Information is data that
have been organized and
communicated in a coherent
and meaningful manner.
 Data is converted into
information, and
information is converted
into knowledge.
 Knowledge; information
evaluated and organized so
that it can be used
purposefully.

18. Why do we need a database?
 Keep records of our:
 Clients
 Staff
 Volunteers
 To keep a record of activities
and interventions;
 Keep sales records;
 Develop reports;
 Perform research
 Longitudinal tracking

19. What is the ultimate purpose of
a database management
system?
Data Information Knowledge Action
Is to transform

20. Introduction to EDI
 What is EDI?
 Electronic Data Interchange is the computer-to-computer
exchange of business data and documents between
companies using standard formats recognized both
nationally and internationally.
 The information used in EDI is organized according to a
specified format set by both companies participating in
the data exchange.

21. Advantages of EDI
 Lower operating costs
 Saves time and money
 Less Errors = More Accuracy
 No data entry, so less human error
 Increased Productivity
 More efficient personnel and faster throughput
 Faster trading cycle
 Streamlined processes for improved trading relationships

22. Disadvantages
 High Dependence on the participation of trading partners
 Costly for smaller companies
 Difficult to agree on standard to be used

23. S-System Interface
System services encompass elements of software
including parts of:
 operating systems
 interfaces to applications programs and
 systems programs
 Language specifications binding to applications
programming interfaces (APIs)
Note: The ‘S’ might better stand for ‘Software’.

24. Continued….
ISO standards for languages
Portable Operating System Interfaces POSIX

25. THE
END