Wild animals are the key pats of Nature and to sustain and manage them should be the basic priority of us. this seminar aid us in the explanation of all these.
3. Contents
• Introduction
• Criteria of Inclusion
• Coverage
• History
• The 10 Largest Protected Areas
• The IUCN Protected Area Management Category
System
• Why are Protected Areas Important
• Role of Protected Areas in Biodiversity
Conservation
• Why are Protected Areas Managed
• Protected Areas of Pakistan; National Parks, Wildlife
Sanctuaries, Zooss & Breeding Centers
• References
4. Introduction
''A protected area is clearly defined geographical
space, recognized, dedicated and managed,
through legal or other effective means to achieve
the long term conservation of nature with
associated ecosystem services and cultural
values.''
• Protected areas can take on many different forms:
– National Parks
– Wilderness Areas
– Community Conserved Areas
– Nature Reserves
– Privately Owned Reserves
5. Criteria of Inclusion
• At the start of the 20th century, there were only a
handful of protected areas in the world, although
many have existed for generations. Over time they
have been recognised as a mainstay of biodiversity
conservation as well as contributing to people’s
livelihoods.
• In the 2003 UN list, as in the present edition, the
only factor determining whether a site was included
was its adherence to the IUCN definition of a
protected area
• Therefore, all countries’ lists that are part of the 2014
United Nations List of protected areas.
6. Criteria of Inclusion
• All protected areas that meet the IUCN definition of
a protected area
• All protected areas with or without IUCN
management categories
• All protected areas regardless of size
• All protected areas regardless of governance type
• Nationally designated sites, as well as those
designated under regional and international
conventions and agreements.
7. Coverage
• At the start of the 20th century, there were only a
handful of protected areas in the world
• According to the World Database on Protected Areas
(WDPA) there are over 210,000 protected areas
around the world
• The proportion of areas protected globally
(percentage of terrestrial area and territorial waters
up to 12 nautical miles) amount to 11.9%
• The proportion of terrestrial areas protected amounts
to 12.9%
• The proportion of marine areas amounts to 6.3%
• As recorded in WDPA for 2009
8. Coverage
A map of global designated terrestrial and marine
protected areas’ extent as a August 2014
9. History
• Protected areas are a cultural artefact, and have a
long history
• In Europe, some areas were protected as hunting
grounds for the rich and powerful nearly 1,000 years
ago
• One of world’s oldest protected areas established
in Finland in 1938
• Punkaharju Esker Nature Reserve is one of the
oldest protected areas in the world
11. History
Cumulative growth of the protected areas network since
1962
Year No. of Sites Area Protected
1962 9,214 2,400,000
1972 16,394 4,100,000
1982 27,794 8,800,000
1992 48,388 12,300,000
2003 102,102 18,800,000
2014 209,429 32,868,673
13. The 10 Largest Protected Areas
Region Name Type Area, km2
Oceania Natural Park of the Coral Sea (France) Marine 1,292,967
Southern
Oceania
South Georgia and South Sandwich Island
Marine Protected Area (UK)
Marine
1,070,000
Oceania Coral Sea, Australia Marine 989,842
North America North-East Greenland, Greenland Terrestrial 972,000
Middle East Ar-Rub’al-Kali, Saudi Arabia Terrestrial 640,000
Asia
British Indian Ocean Territory Marine
Protected Area (Chagos), UK
Marine
640,000
Oceania Kermadec, New Zealand Marine 469,276
Oceania Phoenix Island, Kiribati Marine 410,500
North America Papahanaumokuakea, USA Marine 362,075
Oceania Great Barrier Reef, Australia Marine 348,700
14. The IUCN Protected Area
Management Category System
• Category I:
Strict Nature Reserve/Wilderness Area:
Protected areas managed mainly for science of
wilderness protection.
– Strict Nature Reserve: Protected area managed
mainly for science….
– Wilderness Area: Protected area managed
mainly for wilderness….
15. The IUCN Protected Area
Management Category System
• Category II:
National Park:
Protected area managed mainly for ecosystem
protection and recreation
• Category III:
Natural Monument:
Protected area managed mainly for conservation of
specific natural feature.
16. The IUCN Protected Area
Management Category System
• Category IV:
Habitat/Species Management Area
Protected area managed mainly for conservation
through management intervention
• Category V:
Protected landscape/Seascape:
Protected area managed mainly for landscape or
seascape conservation and research
• Category VI:
Managed Resource Protected Area
Protected area managed mainly for sustainable use of
natural ecosystems
17. Why are Protected Areas Important
• Provide Drinking Water to one in three of the
world’s 100 largest cities
• Store the same amount of carbon as the tropical
rainforests
• Keep us healthy by being the source of clean air and
water, as well as new medicines
• Help reduce the risks and consequences of
extreme events such as floods, storm-surges,
drought and sea-level rise;
• Enhance Food Security by boosting fisheries and
preserving wild relatives of crops; and
• Provide Homes, Jobs and Livelihoods to millions
of people around the world
18. Role of Protected Areas in Biodiversity
Conservation
• There are several types of protected areas that have a
role in biodiversity conservation. These are:
– Territory Parks
– Reserves
– Wilderness zones
– Sanctuaries
– Areas of Essential Habitat
19. Why are Protected Areas Managed
• Protected areas are managed for a variety of reasons,
which include:
• Scientific research
• Wilderness protection
• Preservation of species and genetic diversity
• Maintenance of environmental services
• Protection of specific natural and cultural features
• Tourism and recreation
• Education
• Sustainable use of resources from natural
ecosystems
• Maintenance of cultural and traditional attributes
20. Protected Areas of Pakistan
Region/
Province
National
Parks
Wildlife
Sanctuaries
Game
Reserves
Un-
Classified
Total
Pas
Total Area
Conserved
(ha)
% of Total
Land Area
Protected
Azad
Jammu
Kashmir
1 0 8 0 9 51,998 3.91
Baluchistan 2 15 7 7 31 1,837,704 5.29
Punjab 2 37 19 0 58 3,315,803 16.14
NWFP 3 6 38 5 52 470,675 6.30
Sindh 1 35 14 4 54 1,307,575 9.27
Federal 1 1 1 0 3 94,186 100
Northern
Areas
4 5* 9 0 18 2,092,180 2.97
Totals 14 99 96 16 225 9,170,121 10.40
21. National Parks of Pakistan
Name of The National Park Area (ha) Year of declaration
Ayubia 1,684 1984
Chinji 6,095 1987
Central Gol 7,750 1974
Hazarganhi-Chiltan 15,555 1980
Hingol 1,65,004 1997
Khunjerab 2,26,913 1975
Kirthar 3,08,733 1974
Lal Sohanra 37,426 1972
Margalla Hills 17,426 1980
Central Karakorum 13,90,100 1995
Kandrap Shandur 51,200 1993
Deosai Plains 3,58,400 1993
Sheikh Buddin 15,554 1993
Machiara 13,532 1980
Total 37,67,518 Hectrares
22. Wildlife Sanctuaries of Pakistan
• Kilik/Mintaka Game Reserve
• Tooshi Game Reserve
• Kargah Wildlife Sanctuary
• Naltar Wildlife Sanctuary
• Astor Wildlife Sanctuary
• Baltistan Wildlife Sanctuary
• Chasma and Taunsa Barrage Dolphin Reserve
• Cholistan Wildlife Sanctuary
• Sukkur and Guddu Barrage Dolphin Reserve
• Nara Desert Wildlife Sanctuary
• Hub Dam Wildlife Sanctuary
• Mahal Kohistan Wildlife Sanctuary
• Runn of Kutch Wildlife Sanctuary
23. Zoos and Wildlife Breeding Centers of
Pakistan
• Bahawalpur Zoo
• Jungle Kingdom, Rawalpindi
• Hyderabad Zoo
• Lahore Zoo
• Karachi Zoo (New)
• Islamabad Zoo
• Landhi Korangi Zoo, Karachi
• Karachi Safari Park
• Clifton Aquarium, Karachi
• Jallo Park, Lahore
• Murree Wildlife Park, Murree
• Loi Bher Wildlife Park, Rawalpindi/Islamabad
24. References
• Borrini-Teyerabend, G., N. Dudley, T. Jaeger, B. Lassen, N. Pathak
Broome, A.
• Phillips and T. Sandwith (2013). Governance of Protected Areaa:
From understanding to action. Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines
Series No. 20, Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. Xvi + 124pp
• Dudley, N. (Editor) (2008). Guidelines for Applying Protected Area
Management Categories. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. X + 86pp
• IUCN (1971). United Nations list of national parks and equivalent
reserves. Second edition. (Translation form the French edition, 1967).
661pp. Hayez. Brussels.
• IUCN and UNEP-WCMC (2014). The World Database on Protected
Areas (WDPA), August 2014. Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC
• Juffe-Bignoli, D,. Burgess, N.D., Bingham, H, Belle, E.M.S., de Lima,
M.G., Deguignet, M., Bertzky, B., Milam, A.N., Martinez-Lopez, J.,
Lewis, E., Eassom, A., Wicander, S., Geldmann, J., van Soesbergen
A., Arnell, A.P., O’Connor, B., Park, S., Shi, Y., N., Danks, F.S.,
MacSharry, B., Kingston, N. (2014). Protected Planet Repot 2014.
UNEPWCMC: Cambridge, Uk
