Fresh water.

3. Most of Earth’s water is in
its oceans and seas (97%)

4. Only 3% of Earth’s water is fresh water.

5. Most fresh water is frozen in glaciers and in
the North and South Poles

6. I.) Most fresh water on
Earth is frozen
A) Two –thirds of the fresh
water on Earth is in the form
of ice, mostly in huge ice
sheets that cover land near
the poles.

7. B.) These are continental glaciers.
Valley glaciers build up in
mountainous areas and flow slowly
down between mountains.

8. C.) Sometimes a chunk of a
glacier breaks off to form
an iceberg that floats in the
ocean.

9. D.) Only about 1/8
of the total
volume and
weight of an
iceberg floats
above the water

11. Underground water can be brought to the surface.
A) People collect groundwater from springs and wells.

12. B) A spring is a place where the surface of the land
dips below the water table and water bubbles up from
the ground.

13. C) A geyser is a special kind of hot spring that shoots
water into the air.

15. An estuary is the area where a river empties into and ocean.
1. The water in an estuary is a mixture of fresh and salt water.

16. ||> important source of fresh
water.
||> Starts life as a melting
Glaciers
Three stages of Rivers
** Youth Age
** Maturity Age
** Old Age

17. • Youthful Stage
– Starts at its source and includes the steepest parts
of its course.
– Contains only trickle of water.
– The beds of streams are usually littered with
loose rocks and boulders.
– Usually found at higher elevation
– The channel is deeper than it is wide and V-
shaped due to down cutting rather than lateral
erosion
Scientist discovered that stream flowing
** at 0.3 miles (0.5km) per hour carries FINE
SAND along
** at 6 mikes (10km) per hour push SMALL
STONE down streams
** at 20 miles (32km) per hour move
BOULDERS

18. • Mature Rivers
– Flows down in a gentler slope but carries much more
water than in the youthful stage.
– The water is usually darker than the clear water of the
youthful.
– Tend to make their valleys broader rather than deeper .
This was called lateral erosion.
• WHY ?
– This is because attrition has crushed pieces of rock
and sand into very fine particles called silt which is
carried in the moving water.
• ATTRITION
– Process that gradually ground down into smaller particle.

19. • Old Age
– The final stage of river before it empties into the sea.
– Carrying more water than either YOUTHFUL or Mature
stages, but the gradient is much less.
– Across nearly flat land.
– Follow a winding path
– Swollen by heavy rain or by melted snow and ice
– May overflow their banks
– The water is usually dark and muddy.
– The channel is a U-shape
• Why ?
– Because it is carrying a large amount of silt.
• What happen to the fine silt if the river flood?
– The flood plain spread over.
– This increases the quality of soil, making it better for
growing crops
• Flood plain
– Flat land on either side of the river

20. • Rejuvenated Stage
– A course of flowing water
with a gradient that is raised
by the Earth’s movement.