Analyze the role cryptographic algorithms play and explain how these a.docx

•Als DOCX, PDF herunterladen•

0 gefällt mir•2 views

Analyze the role cryptographic algorithms play and explain how these algorithms could be utilized in a way that would strengthen an organizationâ€™s existing plan. Solution Cryptographyâ€™s Role in the Enterprise Encrypting every piece of data in your organization keeps data protected from unauthorized access. Every organization has confidential data. It has to be protected such a way that only an authorized person could access it. Cryptographic algorithms strengthen an organizationâ€™s existing plan by providing below benefits. Confidentiality Encryption technique can guard the information and communication from unauthorized revelation and access of information. Authentication The cryptographic techniques such as MAC and digital signatures can protect information against spoofing and forgeries. Data Integrity The cryptographic hash functions are playing vital role in assuring the users about the data integrity. Non-repudiation The digital signature provides the non-repudiation service to guard against the dispute that may arise due to denial of passing message by the sender. .

Bildung

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Ähnlich wie Analyze the role cryptographic algorithms play and explain how these a.docx

What is the reasoning behind the need for cryptography within an organization? First, explain why cryptography is needed based on the potential vulnerabilities present in the absence of an encrypted network. Solution Need for cryptography: The most basic and foremost reason for the need of cryptography is security! a.) cryptography ensures that the data remains confidential-the data which is not meant for the public eye is kept hidden. b.) And it allows authorization for those users who have the permission to perform a function. Does not allow any unauthorised users to enter. c.) It makes sure that the information which is being transmitted is authenticated /original andfree of all manipulations/changes. d.) assures against a party that denies data or comunicationnwhich was started by them -this is nonr repudiation. In the absence of an encrypted network,crptography is used to remove the vulnerabilities which can a weakness in technology or security policy or the configuration.When all others fail to provide to the required level of security then cryptography steps in to handle these vulnerabilties. .

What is the reasoning behind the need for cryptography within an organ.docx

earleanp

What is the difference between authentication and authorization? Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user, system, or device, while authorization is the process of granting or denying access to specific resources or actions based on the authenticated user’s privileges. What is a firewall, and how does it work? A firewall is a network security device that monitors and filters network traffic based on predefined security rules. It acts as a barrier between internal and external networks, allowing or blocking traffic based on the configured rules. What are the common types of malware, and how do they work? Common types of malware include viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, and spyware. Malware typically infiltrates systems through various means and executes malicious actions, such as stealing data, corrupting files, or gaining unauthorized access. What is encryption, and why is it important in cybersecurity? Encryption is the process of converting data into a form that can only be read by authorized parties. It ensures that sensitive information remains secure during storage, transmission, and processing, preventing unauthorized access or tampering. Explain the concept of “defense in depth.” Defense in depth is a cybersecurity strategy that employs multiple layers of defense mechanisms to protect systems and data. It involves implementing various security controls at different levels, such as network, host, application, and data, to create overlapping layers of protection. What is a DDoS attack, and how does it work? A DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attack involves overwhelming a target system or network with a flood of illegitimate requests, rendering it inaccessible to legitimate users. Attackers use multiple compromised devices or botnets to generate the massive traffic required to cause the disruption. What is a vulnerability assessment? A vulnerability assessment is the process of identifying and evaluating potential weaknesses and vulnerabilities in a system or network. It helps organizations understand their security posture, prioritize vulnerabilities, and implement appropriate countermeasures. What is the difference between symmetric and asymmetric encryption? Symmetric encryption uses a single shared key to both encrypt and decrypt data, while asymmetric encryption (also known as public-key encryption) uses a pair of keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. What is penetration testing? Penetration testing, or pen testing, is a security assessment technique that involves simulating real-world attacks on a system or network to identify vulnerabilities and exploit them. It helps organizations identify weaknesses before malicious attackers can exploit them.

Top 20 Cyber Security Interview Questions and Answers in 2023.pptx

AnanthReddy38

Why eSignatures are Imperative for Data Security.pdf

Drysign By Exela

Encryption-Decryption of Email

Shashank Singhal

Achieving data integrity by forming the digital signature using RSA and SHA-1...

IOSR Journals

Security and privacy considerations play a vital role in the Open Network for Digital Commerce, ensuring the protection of users' sensitive information and enabling secure transactions in the open network. In this open network, robust security measures are implemented to safeguard against potential threats and unauthorized access. Privacy considerations in digital commerce are of utmost importance, with stringent protocols in place to protect personal data and ensure compliance with privacy regulations.

Security and Privacy Considerations in the Open Network for Digital Commerce.pdf

Nikhil Khunteta

In this paper the signature of a person is taken as input which is encrypted using hierarchical visual cryptography. By using HVC the input signature will be divided into four shares. From that any three are taken to generate key share. Another fragmentation should handover to the authenticated server. The authenticated server should maintain the generated key and fourth fragmentation. Only the authorized user can be accessed. If the receiver identifies the fourth fragmentation and decrypt they got message by using HVC. It is insecure process because anybody can hack the decrypted message easily. For the secure process the authenticated server generate a password while transferring a message. The authenticated person can only able to got that message. The authenticated server checks whether the person should be authorized user or not, while starting their conversation. It provides more security and challenged for the hackers.

Authentication Mechanisms For Signature Based Cryptography By Using Hierarchi...

Editor IJMTER

Encryption is a fundamental concept in cryptography that involves the process of converting plaintext (readable and understandable data) into ciphertext (encoded and unintelligible data) using a mathematical algorithm and an encryption key. The primary purpose of encryption is to ensure the confidentiality and privacy of sensitive information during transmission or storage. In the encryption process: 1. **Plaintext:** This is the original, readable data that is to be protected. It could be a message, a file, or any form of digital information. 2. **Encryption Algorithm:** An encryption algorithm is a set of mathematical rules and procedures that transform the plaintext into ciphertext. Common encryption algorithms include Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), RSA, and Triple DES. 3. **Encryption Key:** The encryption key is a piece of information used by the encryption algorithm to perform the transformation. The key determines the specific pattern and method by which the plaintext is converted into ciphertext. The strength of the encryption often depends on the length and randomness of the key. 4. **Ciphertext:** This is the result of the encryption process—the transformed and encoded data that appears random and is indecipherable without the corresponding decryption key. Encryption serves several important purposes in the field of cryptography: - **Confidentiality:** The primary goal of encryption is to keep information confidential and secure from unauthorized access. Even if an unauthorized party intercepts the ciphertext, they should be unable to understand or decipher it without the correct decryption key. - **Integrity:** Encryption helps ensure the integrity of data by providing a means to detect any unauthorized modifications. If the ciphertext is altered, the decryption process will produce incorrect results, alerting the recipient to potential tampering. - **Authentication:** In some encryption scenarios, the use of digital signatures or authenticated encryption helps verify the origin and authenticity of the encrypted data. - **Secure Communication:** Encryption is widely used to secure communication over networks, such as the internet. Protocols like HTTPS (HTTP Secure) use encryption to protect the confidentiality of data transmitted between a web browser and a web server. - **Data-at-Rest Protection:** Encryption is applied to data stored on devices or servers, ensuring that even if physical access is gained, the data remains protected from unauthorized viewing. In summary, encryption is a crucial tool in the field of cryptography, providing a means to safeguard the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of sensitive information in various digital environments.

Encryption in Cryptography

Uttara University

Ethical hacking

Vishesh Singhal

Strengthening Online Security with eSignatures.pdf

Drysign By Exela

Cyber security positions have considerably taken the top list in the job market. Candidates vying for elite positions in the field of cyber security certainly need a clear-cut and detailed guide to channeling their preparation for smooth career growth, beginning with getting a job. We have curated the top cyber security interview questions that will help candidates focus on the key areas. We have classified the regularly asked cyber security interview questions here, in this article into different levels starting from basic general questions to advanced technical ones. Before we move on to the top cyber security interview questions, it is critical to reflect on the vitality of cyber security in our modern times and how cyber security professionals are catering to the needs of securing a safe cyber ecosystem. The times we live in is defined by the digital transition, in which the internet, electronic devices, and computers have become an integral part of our daily life. Institutions that serve our daily needs, such as banks and hospitals, now rely on internet-connected equipment to give the best possible service. A portion of their data, such as financial and personal information, has become vulnerable to illegal access, posing serious risks. Intruders utilize this information to carry out immoral and criminal goals. Cyber-attacks have jeopardized the computer system and its arrangements, which has now become a global concern. To safeguard data from security breaches, a comprehensive cyber security policy is needed now more than ever. The rising frequency of cyber-attacks has compelled corporations and organizations working with national security and sensitive data to implement stringent security procedures and restrictions. Computers, mobile devices, servers, data, electronic systems, networks, and other systems connected to the internet must be protected from harmful attacks. Cybersecurity, which is a combination of the words "cyber" and "security," provides this protection. 'Cyber' imbibes the vast-ranging technology with systems, networks, programs, and data in the aforementioned procedure. The phrase "security" refers to the process of protecting data, networks, applications, and systems. In a nutshell, cyber security is a combination of principles and approaches that assist prevent unwanted access to data, networks, programs, and devices by meeting the security needs of technological resources (computer-based) and online databases.

Top Cyber Security Interview Questions and Answers 2022.pdf

Careerera

- Security is a concept similar to being cautious or alert against any danger. Network security is the condition of being protected against any danger or loss. Thus safety plays a important role in bank transactions where disclosure of any data results in big loss. We can define networking as the combination of two or more computers for the purpose of resource sharing. Resources here include files, database, emails etc. It is the protection of these resources from unauthorized users that brought the development of network security. It is a measure incorporated to protect data during their transmission and also to ensure the transmitted is protected and authentic. Security of online bank transactions here has been improved by increasing the number of bits while establishing the SSL connection as well as in RSA asymmetric key encryption along with SHA1 used for digital signature to authenticate the user

IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODS FOR TRANSACTION IN SECURE ONLINE BANKING

International Journal of Technical Research & Application

encryption.pptx

ravin349878

1. Original Post by Catherine Johnson Cryptographic Methods: Cryptography is the science of concealing information or encrypting information. Computers use complex cryptographic algorithms to enable data protection, data hiding, integrity checks, nonrepudiation services, policy enforcement, key management, and exchange, and many more (Conklin, 2018). Cryptography is classified into three types symmetric cryptography, asymmetric cryptography, and hash functions Symmetric cryptography is also known as secret-key cryptography. It uses a single key to encrypt and decrypt data making it the simplest type of cryptography. A plain text with the key produces the same cipher similarly, the ciphertext with the key produces the plain text. "Symmetric encryption is useful for protecting data between parties with an established shared key and is also frequently used to store confidential data" (Burnett & Foster, 2004). This type of cryptography is suited for bulk encryption as it is fast and easy. Asymmetric cryptography is also known as public-key cryptography. In this method, two keys are used to encrypt data. One for encoding and the other for decoding. One of the two keys stays private while the other is shared. The algorithms are based on integer factorization and discrete logarithmic problems. This encryption method is used for authentication and confidentiality. The hash function is a special mathematical function. It performs a one-way function, which means that once the algorithm is processed, there is no feasible way to use the ciphertext to retrieve the plaintext that was used to generate it (Conklin, 2018). Hashes provide confidentiality but not integrity because even though we cannot determine the original text, we can ascertain the modified text. These are utilized in programs, text messages, and operating systems files. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI): It is an infrastructure that enables users to communicate securely. PKI uses the asymmetric method; one private key and one public key. The public key can only decrypt the file encrypted by the private key, which affirms the receiver and the sender's information is secure during a transaction. The challenges PKI face is the storage and protection of the keys. The encryption keys can be stolen or unrecoverable based on the measures taken to store them. Additionally, failure to issue and renew certificates can cause large-scale connectivity issues. Physical Security: Physical security needs to be maintained to prevent attackers from gaining access to steal data. Physical security is essential in an organization to prevent unauthorized individuals from causing harm to the business. If systems and devices are physically accessed, all files, data, information, and networks can be compromised. Granting limited access to employees to computer rooms or server rooms can prevent theft and help with intentional and unintentional damages. Perimeter security is also important, especially for sites ...

1. Original Post by Catherine JohnsonCryptographic MethodsC

SantosConleyha

1. Original Post by Catherine JohnsonCryptographic MethodsC

AbbyWhyte974

Security for e commerce

Mohsin Ahmad

Digital Shadows SearchLight™ Overview

Digital Shadows

Improve network safety through better visibility – Netmagic

Netmagic Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

What is Cryptography ( cryptography )_.pdf

Jhon Thompson

IRJET- A Survey on Cryptography, Encryption and Compression Techniques

IRJET Journal

Ähnlich wie Analyze the role cryptographic algorithms play and explain how these a.docx (20)

What is the reasoning behind the need for cryptography within an organ.docx

Top 20 Cyber Security Interview Questions and Answers in 2023.pptx

Why eSignatures are Imperative for Data Security.pdf

Encryption-Decryption of Email

Achieving data integrity by forming the digital signature using RSA and SHA-1...

Security and Privacy Considerations in the Open Network for Digital Commerce.pdf

Authentication Mechanisms For Signature Based Cryptography By Using Hierarchi...

Encryption in Cryptography

Ethical hacking

Strengthening Online Security with eSignatures.pdf

Top Cyber Security Interview Questions and Answers 2022.pdf

IMPLEMENTATION OF METHODS FOR TRANSACTION IN SECURE ONLINE BANKING

encryption.pptx

1. Original Post by Catherine JohnsonCryptographic MethodsC

Security for e commerce

Digital Shadows SearchLight™ Overview

Improve network safety through better visibility – Netmagic

What is Cryptography ( cryptography )_.pdf

IRJET- A Survey on Cryptography, Encryption and Compression Techniques

Mehr von vtuan3

Arrange the following elements from greatest to least tendency to accept an electron. Mg, Si, Na, S, Cl Solution The ability to accept one or more electrons is known as electron affinity. The halogens( Group 7A) have the highest electron affinity values because by accepting an electron makes a stable noble gas configuration. Hence, Cl has greatest tendency to accept an electron. The valence electron configuration of the Mg metal is 3s2. The extra electron must enter the 3p subshell, which is effectively shielded by two 3s electrons ( Because ns electrons are more penetrating than np electrons) and the inner electrons. Consequently, Mg metal has little tendency to pick up an extra electron. Hence, Mg has least tendency to accept an electron. The valence electron configuration of the Na metal is 3s1. The extra electron must enter the 3s subshell, which is stable as it fulfills the s orbital. Hence, Na has greatest tendency to accept an electron than Mg. From left to right electron affinity increases. Hence, S > Si Therefore, the order of accepting an electron from greatest to least is as follows: Cl (349 kJ/mol) > S (200 kJ/mol) > Si (134 kJ/mol) > Na (53 kJ) > Mg (<(=) 0). .

Arrange the following elements from greatest to least tendency to acce.docx

vtuan3

Arrange the elution sequence of the following compounds by using reversed phase liquid chromatography (1st , 2nd ,3rd) Glucose, Cholesterol, Lauric aicd Solution Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography is a chromatographic technique in which the mobile phase used is more POLAR than the NON-POLAR stationary phase. Thus hydrophilic molecules will be eluted first followed by hydrophophobic compounds. The molecules that we are considering are Glucose, Cholesterol and Lauric acid 1. Glucose: it is considered a polar molecule. The presence of oxygen atoms around the molecule in the form of -OH group will ensure the hydrophilic nature of compound. 2. Cholesterol: it is a 27-Carbon organic compound that belongs to the category of steroids. The only polar component present in the molecule is the single -OH group attached to the ring. it is counted among the group of non-polar molecule 3. Lauric acid: Lauric acid is a 12-carbon fatty acid which contains a long chin of hydrophobic group attached to the terminal polar -COOH group. It is considered to be more polar than cholesterol but it is altogether a non-polar compound due to long hydrophobic chain. As per the nature of the compounds, the sequence in which the compounds will be eluted in the reversed phase liquid chromatographic column is 1. Glucose 2. Lauric acid 3. Cholesterol .

Arrange the elution sequence of the following compounds by using rever.docx

vtuan3

Are you surprised by the variety and range of issues addressed by the World Bank - projects that meet basic needs such as fresh water and programs to provide Internet services? What are your thoughts on this variety? Solution Soln: It is indeed surprising by the variety and range of issues addressed by the World Bank. There are concerns about the types of development projects funded. Many infrastructure projects financed by the World Bank Group have social and environmental implications for the populations in the affected areas and criticism has centred on the ethical issues of funding such projects. For example, World Bank-funded construction of dams for irrigation, drinking water and electricity generation in various countries has resulted in the displacement of indigenous peoples of the area. World Bank working in partnership with the private sector may undermine the role of the state as the primary provider of essential goods and services, such as Internet service, drinking water, healthcare and education, resulting in the shortfall of such services in countries badly in need of them. Therefore , world bank should focus more on providing funding to alleviate proverty and to take up projects which empower people to come out of poverty and world bank should not impose any conditionalities on governments who borrow money from them. .

Are you surprised by the variety and range of issues addressed by the.docx

vtuan3

Are there ethical considerations we should consider during the the entire innovation process? If so, what are they? Do they occur at every step of the process? Can an innovation be morally neutral, yet be unethical or socially irresponsible when carried out or applied? Solution The words innovative and innovation are bantered about in the media, in business, and in our everyday lives. The words evoke a feeling of progress with technology moving us upward and forward while simultaneously pushing aside existing, soon-to-be-outdated, technology. How does business handle this disruption? How can we think about the responsibility for the innovation and the associated wake of changed beliefs, behaviors, and relationships? The goal of innovations is to upset current beliefs, behavior, relationships, and technologies for a given community. The automobile disrupted the horse and buggy system. The telegraph disrupted the Pony Express By viewing the innovative process as bringing together technology and communities, the innovation and its consequences become a shared responsibility. The community has a responsibility to use the technology within a given range of permissible behaviors and to incorporate rules and norms to support the technology. The innovating firm, however, has a responsibility to understand the community into which the innovation is being introduced. As Evans notes in his book on innovators in the United States, .

Are there ethical considerations we should consider during the the ent.docx

vtuan3

AP Chemistry Review Questions Integrating Content, Inquiry and Reasoning 1. Calculate the value of % T for an absorbance value A-15. Using this result, explain why absorbance may not be accurate. measurements > 1 2. Spectrophotometric studies can be conducted on any colored compound. The transition metal group of the periodic table exhibits a wide array of different colored compounds. The complex ion tetraamminecopper(II) contains four ammonia molecules covalently bonded to a copper(II) ion. In aqueous solutions, Cu2+ ions will bond to four water molecules in a square planar geometry. The solution is a light blue color. The water molecules can be displaced by ammonia molecules, which form more stable complex bases than water. The appearance of the intense dark blue-violet color of the [Cu(NH )J2 ion is often used as a positive test to verity the presence of Cu? ions d chemical equation for the reaction of copper(II) sulfate and concentrated ammonia to produce tetraamminecopper(I) sulfate. tion has occurred and that the product formed is in fact tetraaminecopper(II) sulfate? Would you expect the wavelength of maximun absorbance for CuNH2 to be greater than or less than for Cu(H,0 Explain. b. [Cu(NH2 solutions exhibit a deep blue-violet color. How can you use spectrophotometry to confirm that this reac- 3. The electron transitions responsible for the colors of transition metal ions involved>d transitions. Why are zinc ions colorless in aqueous solution? Solution Formula: Transmittence= 10^(-Absorbance) T=10^(-A) T=10^-1.5 T=0.031623 %T=3.1623% This means that 96.8377% light has been absorbed and only 3.1623% has been transmitted. Detection of such low value of transmitted by the detector will increase the chances of error. Also, because transmittence decreases logarithmically, linearity is lost at high concentration of sample. .

AP Chemistry Review Questions Integrating Content- Inquiry and Reasoni.docx

vtuan3

answers? 22. H lysine? You do not have to write them all out. ow many tetra peptides can be formed by combining alanine, serine, glycine and How does glyphosate inhibit weed growth, explain in simple terms involving essential amino acids and simple enzyme catalysis? 23. 24. What is the cause of cyele cell anemia? 25. Zidovudne (aka AZT) was the first drug approved to treat HIV. How does it work the molecular level? ?? 9 Solution Answer 24.) Sickle cell anemia is an inherited form of anemia in which there aren\'t enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen throughout your body. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the gene that tells the body to make the red, iron-rich compound that gives blood its red color (hemoglobin). Hemoglobin allows red blood cells to carry oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body. In sickle cell anemia, the abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to become rigid, sticky and misshapen. After the hemoglobin molecules give up their oxygen, some of them may cluster together and form long, rod-like structures that become stiff and assume a sickle shape. The sickle cell gene is passed from generation to generation in a pattern of inheritance called autosomal recessive inheritance. Two genes for the sickle hemoglobin must be inherited from one\'s parents in order to have the disease. A person who receives a gene for sickle cell disease from one parent and a normal gene from the other has a condition called \"sickle cell trait.\" Sickle cell trait produces no symptoms or problems for most people. Sickle cell disease can neither be contracted nor passed on to another person. .

answers- 22- H lysine- You do not have to write them all out- ow many.docx

vtuan3

Answer was D) but I need detailed help with steps as to how : On January 1, 2010, Cale Corp. paid $1,020,000 to acquire Kaltop Co. Kaltop maintained separate incorporation. Cale used the equity method to account for the investment. The following information is available for Kaltop\'s assets, liabilities, and stockholders\' equity accounts: Current assets : Book Value : $120,000 Fair Value : $120,000 Land : Book Value : $72,000 Fair Value : $192,000 Building (20 year life ) : Book Value : $240,000 Fair Value : $268,000 Equipment : (10 year life) : Book Value : $540,000 Fair Value : $516,000 Current Liabilities : Book Value : $24,000 Fair Value : $24,000 Long Term Liabilities : Book Value : $120,000 Fair Value : $120,000 Common Stock : Book Value : $228,000 Additional Paid In Capital : Book Value : $384,000 Retained Earnings : Book Value : $216,000 Kaltop earned net income for 2010 of $126,000 and paid dividends of $48,000 during the year Question : The total 2010 amortization of allocations is calculated to be : A) 4,000 B) 6,400 C) 2,400 D) (1,000) E) 3,800 Solution Answer: The total 2010 amortization of allocations is calculated to be : Amortization value of Building = (268000-240000)/20 year life= 1400 Amortization value of Equipment = (516000-540000)/10 year life= (2400) Total amortization expense =(2400)+1400=(1000) .

Answer was D) but I need detailed help with steps as to how - On Janua.docx

vtuan3

Answer the below in your own words: What were the reasons for the decolonization movement after WWII? Solution The Second World war greatly weakened European colonial rule, forcing the allies to abandon many of their colonial possessions in the face of invasion. When the European powers tried to return to rule again they found that the local nationalists had encouraged the population to reject European rule in favor of self-determination. A good example of this was Indonesia where the Dutch had ruled for over 150 years. In 1948, Indonesia declared Independence, and Netherlands found themselves without any support. Another reason was that when the war ended, one of the themes of the United Nations was encouraging self-determination and ending colonial rule, which was one of the main causes of the First World War. But i think that the most important factor is that the world, particularly the United States, refused to help or support European powers re-establish colonial rule. One of the reasons for this was that the U.S saw European colonial rule as deterimental towards its own global economic aspirations. A good example of this was the U.S attitude towards Britain, which had used the Imperial system to exclude the U.S from favourable trade with Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. The U.S was also reluctant to use money and manpower to fight guerilla wars to support European rule. The U.S was more than aware that the world would also reject any war fought to uphold colonial rule. When the nationalists in Vietnam tried to overthrow French rule, the French had no allies and lacked general support. Another reason was that with the spread of communism in Europe and SE Asia, the U.S was more than aware that European colonial rule provided fertile ground for anti-European sentiment, which invited communist sympathies. .

Answer the below in your own words- What were the reasons for the deco.docx

vtuan3

Answer in your own words: Would you agree with Karl Marx in saying that the Industrial Revolution and its capitalistic foundations negatively affected the working classes? Solution The Industrial Revolution advance capitalism to its final stage, which Marx saw as an ultimate evil. Before the industrial revolution feudalism existed which is a society run by land owners when the aristocracy gives land to the peasants and those landowners scrape and consume the profit the peasants make by taxation and taking of food using the knights as the collectors. Financial capitalism was a growing idea taken from the Greeks and Romans who believed that most individuals had a right to sell things to gain profit and to run businesses. This idea was reintroduced to Europe during the Renaissance, but it was still applied using feudal methods. The American and French revolution helped strengthen capitalism and the end of the great French war made England one of the richest nations in the world. Advances in technology and new inventions brought about the Industrial Revolution. The Idustrial Revolution created factories and housing for the peasants and it created a better market and made intelligent men big business men who exploited hundreds making themselves very wealthy. Because of the system lots of money could be made buying labour to make products that could be sold to other workers. Marx saw this new capitalism as unfair where the intelligent ruled the poor and created a new aristocracy who made workers got to work doing a job that was degrading, unfulfilling and where you were not paid a fair wage to make a living. So he came up with the idea of communism where capitalism is destroyed as is any other type of inequality and where the state and all institution disappear. so the Industrial Revolution not only gave birth to progress, wealth and democracy it also gave birth to communism. .

Answer in your own words- Would you agree with Karl Marx in saying tha.docx

vtuan3

Analyze the role of credit rationing in both a developed country and a less-developed country. How does the role of credit rationing influence economic growth and employment in these two countries? Solution Credit rationing is an action taken by lending institutions to limit or deny credit based on a borrowers\' creditworthiness and an overload of loan demands. Interest rates trending either up or down lead to credit rationing. An example of credit rationing is increasing interest rates about current market rates. Credit rationing IS a pervasive phenomenon. There are two different forms of quantity constraints: micro credit rationing, this places credit limits on borrowers, and macro credit rationing, this randomly denies access to any credit to a fraction of borrowers. The second form has asymmetric treatment of otherwise identical agents. Both forms of rationing can coexist, and play complementary yet distinct roles. It becomes clear that the second form of rationing gains in importance when the information flow within the lending community is poor (thus defaulters have a fair chance for escaping detection). One lesson that comes from both debt overhang and enforcement theories is that the distribution of bargaining power among lenders and borrowers has strong implications for the degree of credit rationing, effort levels as well as efficiency. The effect is similar in both cases .

Analyze the role of credit rationing in both a developed country and a.docx

vtuan3

Annual worth calculations require equal life alternatives? T or F ? Annual worth consists of: capital recovery minus annual operating cost. T or F ? AW equivalent of a long term project (indefinite, very long, or infinite life) requires software due the high number of calculations that need to be performed to simulate an infinite number of years. T or F ? Annual Worth (AW) may also be called: Question 4 options: Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC) Annual Equivalent (AE) Equivalent Uniform Annual Cost (EUAC) All of the above None of the above Solution 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC) .

Annual worth calculations require equal life alternatives- T or F - An.docx

vtuan3

Annual editions of journal What will social media look like in the future Information presented: list at least 5 points made by the author Solution A lot of changes in social media in recent years wonâ€™t be revolutionary they will be a Continuation and acceleration of what we have seen today , any revolutionary change will be so different that that to even try to guess at what it will look like is near impossible .this after all what Makes it revolutionary change Social at work We are going to find social tools connecting us more than ever in the work space TEXTING Texting is more personal and faster than most other forms of social media. And with all the New texting platforms, most of the old technical requirements are a thing of past MOBILE AND ENTERTAINMENT WILL MORPH Marketing programs will reintegrate In the future the vast majority of all content thatâ€™s produced and shared will be visual This will further blur the lines between whatâ€™s real life and whatâ€™s online PERFECT DISTRIBUTION OF RELEVENT CONTENT The next big trend we have seen and re currently experiencing is the perfect distribution of releventcontent in real time .

Annual editions of journal What will social media look like in the fu.docx

vtuan3

An unknown mixture of ions was treated with hydrochloric acid resulting in a white precipitate and a colorless solution. The precipitate did not change after addition of hot water but did disappear after addition of ammonium hydroxide. After acidification with nitric acid, the white precipitate reappeared. The colorless solution was treated with thioacetamide and hydrochloric acid resulting in the formation of a dark precipitate. The precipitate was treated with nitric acid resulting in a black precipitate and blue solution. The blue solution was treated with sulfuric acid and ammonium hydroxide without changing. After addition of sodium thiosulfate, a reddish-brown precipitate appeared. Determine which ions were present in the unknown mixture. Select all which apply. An unknown mixture of ions was treated with hydrochloric acid resulting in a white precipitate and a colorless solution. The precipitate did not change after addition of hot water but did disappear after addition of ammonium hydroxide. After acidification with nitric acid, the white precipitate reappeared. The colorless solution was treated with thioacetamide and hydrochloric acid resulting in the formation of a dark precipitate. The precipitate was treated with nitric acid resulting in a black precipitate and blue solution. The blue solution was treated with sulfuric acid and ammonium hydroxide without changing. After addition of sodium thiosulfate, a reddish-brown precipitate appeared. Determine which ions were present in the unknown mixture. Select all which apply Ag HgHE22 Bi3+ Cu2+ Cd2 Solution Pb 2+ ion is reacts with Hcl gives Pbcl 2 which is white colour precipitate.Pbcl 2 is insoluble in water.PbCl2 is insoluble in hot water .but addition of NH4OH in the solution ti get sollubalized. After acidifying this solution the PbNO3 COMPLEX is formed which is black in colour. .

An unknown mixture of ions was treated with hydrochloric acid resultin.docx

vtuan3

Analyze and determine which sector, public or private, has greater insight on the potential of cyberattacks. Solution Private Sectors has a greater insight on the potential of cyberattacks The threat of hacking varies from one sector to another sector and it is difficult to measure it because intrusions often go undetected. Risk awareness is growing and reducing the risk is difficult because threats evolves constantly. Business possessing great quantities of personal data have a higher insight of potential risk Regulated and large corporations tends to be more douced on risks assocated with cyberattacks. However the extext of cyberattacks on private sector will always depends on the maturity of an organization, the cybersecurity implemented by organization and the holistic sexurity safegaurds .

Analyze and determine which sector- public or private- has greater ins.docx

vtuan3

an102 Tollowing infrared spectra? Some examples of functional groups are sp eroups (use peaks between 4000 and 1500 cm) are present in the \' C-H, sp C-H, Ced, nitrile, alkyne, aldehyde C-H, carbonyl, ketone carbonyl, ester carbonyl, a carbonyl, OH, carboxylic acid OH, NH NICOLET Solution In image one (top one), C=C, C=O (ketone) and C-H (sp 3 and sp 2 ) stretching frequency of these functional groups are present. In image two, C=C, nitrile, C-H (sp 3 and sp 2 ) stretching frequency of these functional groups are present. in image three, amide carbonyl, NH, and C-H (sp 3 ) stretching frequency of these functional groups are present. In image 4, OH, keto and C-H (sp 3 ) stretching frequency of these functional groups are present. in Image 5 (down one) carbonyl carboxylic acid and aldehyde, OH carboxylic acid, CH aldehyde and C-H (sp 3 ) stretching frequency of these functional groups are present. .

an102 Tollowing infrared spectra- Some examples of functional groups a.docx

vtuan3

An unknown compound is one of the four compounds shown below. It is an amphipathic lipid, it immediately decolorizes bromine solution, and readily reacts with aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The pain and swelling caused by arthritis and related illnesses results from the production of this compound in the affected tissues. Based upon the information provided, answer the tolowing questions (A- E) (5 points) 6. Ho-CH--ck CH-N-C-R A) All the compounds pictured are amphipathic molecules. Describe the term amphipathic Give an example of a non-amphipathic lipid. Solution a) An amphipathic molecule is the one which comprises of two parts : All the lipids molecules found are amphipathic in a cell membrane. b) Out of all the four compounds given in the question the one responsible for controling the development of sex organs and secondary sexual characteristic is the compound C. The name associated with this type of compound is ANDROGENS. Yes androgens will react with NaBH 4 and reduces 1-carbonyl group of 3-deoxy androgens to form aromatase inhibitors having a 19-hydroxy group. c) The compound A can be identified as local hormone. The name of the compound is ALPROSTADIL. These molecules are called local molecule these are produced by cells and to either neighboring cells(i.e. local to their neghbourhood ) or the same tupe of cells that are responsible for their production. These hormones are very quickly inactivated.These are large group of signalling molecules and are released during phisical activity like exercise and running. These hormones donot circulate within the blood thus are local to their production area. d) Compound B is a major component of biological membrane. Yes these compounds are hydrolysable due to the fact that they contain ester group. These compounds are hydrolusable because tehy contain funtional group ester. .

An unknown compound is one of the four compounds shown below- It is an.docx

vtuan3

Analyze the types of informal and formal communication in organizations. Solution Formal Communication: A communication that is made in the proper channel and which is properly authorized is defined as a formal communication. In formal commication, the message that is conveyed will be recorded for future reference. The various types of formal communication in an organization as as follows: 1.Circulars 2. Notices put up on notice boards 3. Important annoucements 4. Formal E-Mail 5. Notifications from Immediate senior Informal Communication: Any communication that does not have an origin or an end is called as an informal communication. In other words a communication in which the sender and receiver are not definite is called as an informal communication. The various types of informal communication in an organization are as follows: 1. Gossips 2. Rumours 3. Organization secrets that gets communicated informally. 4. Information that is passed between departments without following the hierarchy of authorization .

Analyze the types of informal and formal communication in organization.docx

vtuan3

Encapsulation process. Explain this process giving specific detail at each layer of the OSI Model. Be sure to explain the different PDUs at each stage and include the most significant fields for each pdu. (20 marks) Solution Its dvided into seven layers. Encapsulation happens seperately at different levels. Starting frm Application layer, application running on source device creates some kind of data.Then next comes Presentation layer where encryption gets added to the data. Then the session layer where session id is applied.Upto this point information is still one block of data. Next layer is transport layer where bock of data gets break down into segments and gets a port number. This segment is then passed to Network layer where source and destination IP address are appended and now the segment becomes packet.This packet is then passed to next level called Data link layer where destination MAC address and CRC is added.Now the resulting thing is Frame. The Frame then is sent to the physical device where it is translated into some kind of a signal, whether itâ€™s electrical, radio wave, light or other signal. This Frame then becomes some kind of a signal that represents a series of zeros and ones. This is why at the Physical layer we often call it Bits .

Encapsulation process- Explain this process giving specific detail at.docx

vtuan3

Elijah Murphy studied voice, opera, and Jewish liturgical music at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. After he graduated, he applied for a job as a cantor (i.e., professional singer who leads prayer services) at the Nashville Downtown Synagogue. The synagogue responded that he was not qualified for the position and refused to consider him for the job because he is not Jewish. A. Elijah has a prima facie case of disparate treatment discrimination against the synagogue and the synagogue has no defense. B. Elijah has a prima facie case of discrimination against the synagogue and the synagogue can successfully assert the ministerial exception to Title VII. C. Elijah does not have a prima facie case of discrimination, so it doesn\'t matter whether the synagogue can assert a defense. D. Elijah has a prima facie case of discrimination against the synagogue and the synagogue can successfully assert the business necessity defense. Solution B. Elijah has a prima facie case of discrimination against the synagogue and the synagogue can successfully assert the ministerial exception to Title VII. As Elijah was refused to consider for the job because he is not Jewish, therefore Elijah has a prima facie case of discrimination against the synagogue as he had studied voice, opera, and Jewish liturgical music at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary and have skill level. Synagogue can successfully assert the ministerial exception to Title VII, as he responded that he was not qualified for the position and refused to consider him for the job because he is not Jewish. .

Elijah Murphy studied voice- opera- and Jewish liturgical music at the.docx

vtuan3

Effect of Transactions on Accounting Equation Describe how the following business transactions affect the three elements of the accounting equation. >Paid for utilities used in the business. (increases assets and decreases assets, or increases assets and decreases liabilities, or decreases assets and increases liabilities, or decreases assets and decreases owner\'s equity, or increases assets and decreases owner\'s equity.) Solution The accounting equation is: Assets = Liabilities + Owner\'s Equity. The transaction: \"Paid for utilities\" involves 2 accounts - Cash (Asset) & utilities expense (Expense). Here, Cash will decrease & Utilities expense will increase. Revenues & Expenses are part of Owners equity (Under Retained earnings component, related as: Ending Retained earnings = Beginning Retained earnings + Revenue - Expenses - Dividends). So: Cash (Current Asset) will decrease & Owner\'s Equity will decrease. .

Effect of Transactions on Accounting Equation Describe how the followi.docx

vtuan3

Mehr von vtuan3 (20)