1. Low Cost Manufacturing of Organic Solar Cells Vishal Shrotriya, Ph.D. Solarmer Energy, Inc. Printed Electronics USA | Nov 30 - Dec 2, 2010 | Santa Clara, CA

2. Outline Introduction Materials for High Efficiency OPVs R2R Process Development Lifetime and Stability Products and Applications 11/29/2010 PE USA 2010 2

3. OPV Timeline 11/29/2010 3 Solarmer Before 2005 Konarka 8.13% 7.9% Plextronics 7.6% Solarmer 6.4% 6.8% 6.0% Plextronics founded 5.4% 5.1% Konarka founded 4.8% 3.7% 3.2% R2R line complete Solarmer’s R&D began Solarmer founded 2.7% 2007 2009 2005 2008 2006 2004 2003 2002 2001 2011 2010 PE USA 2010

5. Acceptors

6. Interfaces

7. Device engineering

8. Materials stability

9. Barrier and adhesives

10. Testing standards

11. Manufacturability

12. Raw materialsOPV Technology 4 11/29/2010 PE USA 2010

15. Challenges Bang gap too large (1.9 eV for P3Ht vs. 1.1 eV for Si) Low current density Non-optimized energy levels Low voltage Significant energy loss during charge transfer Low voltage Low mobility Low fill factor 11/29/2010 6 PE USA 2010

16. New Materials – LBG I PSBTBT JSC = 13.6 mA/cm2 VOC = 0.66 V FF = 0.62 PCE = 5.6% 11/29/2010 7 PE USA 2010

17. New Materials – PTB PTB1 VOC = 0.58V JSC = 15 mA/cm2 FF = 66% PCE = 6% 11/29/2010 8 PE USA 2010

18. BDT Based Polymers Nature Photonics 2009, 3 (11), 649 11/29/2010 9 PE USA 2010

19. BDT Based Polymers For OPV based on PBDTTT-CF: JSC = 15.2 mA/cm2 VOC = 0.76 V FF = 66.9 % PCE = 7.73 % Nature Photonics 2009, 3 (11), 649 11/29/2010 10 PE USA 2010

20. Champion Cell (NREL Certified) 11/29/2010 PE USA 2010 11 (Reported in July 2010) VOC= 0.757 V JSC= 14.97 mA/cm2 Fill Factor = 67.84% Efficiency = 8.13%

21. Champion Module 11/29/2010 PE USA 2010 12 * Certified by Newport Corp.

22. Materials Development Summary VOC tuning by applying electron-withdrawing groups which lower polymer’s HOMO Long wavelength absorption achieved through low band-gap which increases JSC More than 7% efficiency achieved in OPVs using BDT-based polymers Further improvement in efficiency is expected by increasing VOC by tuning polymer’s HOMO level 11/29/2010 PE USA 2010 13

23. Low Cost Manufacturing Uses primarily existing technology Roll-to-roll for high throughput Low temperature process Non-vacuum process Low energy requirements Very high material utilization 11/29/2010 PE USA 2010 14

24. Roll-to-Roll Process 15 Lamination of high quality barrier film Rotary Screen, Conductive paste Deposition head, Active layer Deposition Head, HTL Layer Deposition Head, ETL Layer 11/29/2010 Cond Paste HTL/ETL Active ETL/HTL ITO PET PE USA 2010

25. Deposition Head Problem Drivers: Low solid content (2-5%) Low viscosity (10-150 cps) Thickness Pattern Registration Solid Content Solution Viscosity Process Parameters 16 11/29/2010 PE USA 2010

26. Solution Deposition Technologies 17 17 11/29/2010 PE USA 2010

27. Coating Line Design 18 Air Nozzle Slot-Die 11/29/2010 PE USA 2010

29. Multiple functions

30. Class 100/1000 clean room

31. Line speed: Up to 20 ft/minSolarmer’s OPV Pilot Line 19 11/29/2010 PE USA 2010

32. Stability of OPVs Factors that affect stability Temperature Humidity Cycling of temp, %RH, light Load conditions Pre treatment (light soak, etc.) Packaging Electrodes 11/29/2010 PE USA 2010 20 Light Temperature Humidity/ Oxygen

33. Energy transfer from photo-excited polymer to adsorbed ground state oxygen molecules to form singlet oxygen Degradation Mechanisms 11/29/2010 21 ONRSBIR Phase I Project

34. Degradation Mechanisms 11/29/2010 PE USA 2010 22

35. Stability Testing Accelerated Lifetime Testing Adhesive OPV Cell Encapsulation Scheme Flexible Barrier Flexible Substrate Flexible Barrier 23 PE USA 2010 11/29/2010

36. Manufacturing Summary High efficiency OPV cell and module demonstrated New polymer development R2R compatible manufacturing process being developed High-speed, high-yield, low temperature process Stable rigid and flexible cells > 2500 hrs demonstrated under continuous illumination 11/29/2010 PE USA 2010 24

37. Why OPVs Will Sell? 11/29/2010 CONFIDENTIAL 25

38. Products Roadmap CONFIDENTIAL 26 11/29/2010 >10% 10 years $0.5/W Gen IV Performance 5-10% 5 years $1/W Gen III 3-5% 3 years $2/W Gen II 1-2% 1 year $5/W Gen I Technology Maturity Long Term 2017+ Short Term 2010-2013 Medium Term 2013-2017 Source: OE-A, Solarmer

39. I. Portable Power Off Grid Chargers market: $2.3 billion (GSMA, Oct 2009) Clean energy market in India’s rural: $2 billion per year (WRI, Sep 2010) Global market for portable power: $461.5 billion in 2013 (BCC Research) 11/29/2010 CONFIDENTIAL 27 Global Market for Portable Products, 2008 (Source: BCC Research)

40. I. Portable Power (contd.) 11/29/2010 CONFIDENTIAL 28 OPV Price = $2 per phone (Cost = $0.68) 1 hour under sun = 30 min talk time (20 hrs standby) $120 million/year (2013)* OPV panel needed = 0.8 lbs (Compare to 30 lbs battery) OPV Price = $500 per soldier (Cost = $178) $140million (2013)* OPV Price = $5 per Kindle (Cost = $2.05) 15 min under sun = No charging needed … ever! $20million/year (2013)* * Assuming 20% market share for OPVs

41. II. Building Integrated PV Power Windows for BIPV: Our “Killer App” Affordable; Beautiful; Compatible Potential market in BIPV = $380 million (2016: Year of launch) CONFIDENTIAL 29 11/29/2010 Image: ThyssenSolartec Source: NanoMarkets, 2010

42. OPVMarket (Worldwide) 11/29/2010 CONFIDENTIAL 30 Key Points: Revenues to reach $800M by 2015 A significant increase in production expected beyond 2013 Module price to reach < $1/W in 2014-15 for large scale power generation

43. Outlook for OPV Increasing competition from other thin-film PVs Window of opportunity is closing fast Materials development will be key High speed roll-to-roll manufacturing will enable benefits Way to win is to form a winning alliance… Now! 11/29/2010 CONFIDENTIAL 31

44. Partners and Collaborators 11/29/2010 PE USA 2010 32

45. Contact Information Solarmer Energy, Inc. 3445 Fletcher Avenue, El Monte, CA 91731 USA Tel: (626) 456-8090; Fax: (626) 456-8082 Email: info@solarmer.com Web: http://www.solarmer.com Vishal Shrotriya Technology Director vishals@solarmer.com 11/29/2010 PE USA 2010 33