Network cabling involves connecting devices to the internet using various cables and tools. Common cables include Cat5e which supports speeds up to 1Gbps over distances of 100m, and optical fiber which can support speeds of 40Gbps over 2km or 10Gbps over 50-500km. Useful tools for network cabling include crimpers, punch-down tools, cable testers, and cable tracers. The document provides basic instructions on how to connect jacks, cables, and ports to set up a simple network cabling system at home.