12. TO ACHIEVE A GYROSCOPIC MOVEMENT
STRAIGHT COURSE
GREATER POWER OF PENETRATION.
IT COVERS A LONGER RANGE.
IMPROVES THE ACCURACY OF HITTING THE TARGET.
PURPOSE OF RIFLING
13. RIFLING MARK ON BULLET
It developed on the surface of the bullet
Microscopic study of it gives an idea
about the gun.
It is considered as fingerprints of firearm
14. IT IS DIAMETER OF
THE BARREL OR
BORE
• IT IS MEASURED
AS THE
DISTANCE
BETWEEN TWO
LANDS
• CALIBER- UNIT
MAY BE IN INCH
OR IN
MILLIMETER.
CALIBER OF A GUN
19. CARTRIDGE CASE:
ELONGATED CYLINDER MADE UP OF CARD BOARD.
LENGTH VARIES WITH TYPE OF SHOTGUN.
IT HAS TWO ENDS
A) FLAT CLOSED END – BASE
B) FLAT END ( TERMINAL END)
23. CARTRIDGE OF A RIFFLED GUN
IT IS THE RIFLED FIREARM AMMUNITION.
IT CAN BE LOADED INTO THE CHAMBER OF THE GUN.
IT CAN DISCHARGE THE BULLET ON BEING FIRED.
IT IS MADE UP OF TWO SEGMENT
1. CARTRIDGE CASE
2. BULLET
24. IT IS AN ELONGATED
METALLIC CYLINDER MADE UP
OF
COPPER- NICKEL ALLOY.
CARTRIDGE CASE
28. BULLET OF A RIFFLED FIREARM :
IT HAS GOT A CONICAL SHAPE.
IT HAS FOUR COMPONENT
1. BODY
2. BASE
3. NOSE OR TIP
4. LEAD CORE
IT PROVIDES THE WEIGHT AND
STEADINESS
FOR THE BULLET IN IT’S FLIGHT
FROM MUZZLE
TO THE TARGET.
29.
30. MUSHROOMING OF BULLET-:
DUM - DUM BULLET-:
BASE IS NOT COVERED
BY JACKET SO IT ALSO
MUSHROOMS
BEFORE STRIKE
PRODUCING BIG
ENTRY WOUND.
48. Contact Wounds
• Wound of entry – Large, triangular, stellate or
cruciate shaped.
• Wound track –
• Muzzle imprint.
• Back spatter.
• Corona.
• Burning, blackening and tattooing around the wound
margin – Slight or absent.
• Over the cranial vault –
49.
50.
51.
52.
53. Close shot (Up to 15 cm)
• Up to 8 cm- effect of flame
• Up to 15 cm – effect of smoke
• Wound of entry – Circular, inverted surrounded by
burning, blackening and singeing of hairs.
• Abrasion collar, grease collar and tattooing present.
• Wound track – Pink coloured.
54. Near shot (Up to 50 cm)
• Tattooing present.
• Wound of entry – Circular or oval in shape.
• Abrasion and grease collar present.
55. Distant shot (> 50 cm)
• Burning, blackening, singeing and tattooing –
Absent.
• Wound of entry – Circular with inverted margin.
• Abrasion and grease collar present.
• Over the skull -
56. COMPONENTS
GUN FLAMES
GUN SMOKES
A) SOOT PARTICLE
B) GUN POWDER
1) FINE
2) COARSE
CARDS
WADS
GASES
LEAD SHOTS
DISTANCE
15CM
30CM
60CM
90CM
2METER
1.25METER
CONTACT &
CLOSE SHOT
VARIES
SPECIFIC EFFECTS
HEAT COMBUSTION EFFECTS
BLACKENING
BLACKENING
TATTOOING
MINOR INJURY
MINOR INJURY
CHERRY RED COLORATION
WOUND OF ENTRY
& WOUND OF EXIT.
Shotgun Entry wound -
57.
58. 1. Wound of entry – Large irregular and single hole.
2. Burning, blackening, tattooing and singeing of
hairs.
3. Muzzle imprint.
4. Over the skull -
Contact shot :
59. • Close shot (Up to 1 meter) – Wound of entry
• Short range (1 to 2 meters)
Wound of entry – Single and circular
• Intermediate range ( 2 to 4 meter) –
Individual holes may be detected
• Long range ( > 4 meter)
60.
61.
62. Difference between Entry and Exit wound
Trait Entrance wound Exit wound
Size Smaller Bigger
Edges Inverted Everted
Burning, blackening,
tattooing.
Present Absent
Abrasion collar Present Absent
Bleeding Less More
Fat No protrusion May protrude
Cherry red – tissue Present Absent
Fibers of cloths Turned in Turned out
Lead ring Seen in X ray Absent
Spectrography More Less metal
65. • Single entrance and multiple exits
• Multiple wound of entrance and exit
from a single shot
• Entrance wound is present but bullet is
not found in the body.
66. MEDICO LEGAL ASPECT OF FIREARM-:
TYPE OF FIREARM
RANGE OF FIRING
DIRECTION OF FIRING
CAUSE OF DEATH
MOTIVE
MEDICO LEGAL IMPORTANCE OF BULLET-:
A BULLET COULD BE CRIME BULLET, TEST BULLET OR EXHIBIT
BULLET.
67. FIREARM RESIDUES
POWDER PARTICLE
SOOT
TESTS FOR THE FIREARM RESIDUES
PARAFFIN TEST ( DERMAL NITRATE TEST
HARRISON AND GILROY TEST
NEUTRON ACTIVE ANALYSIS
FLAMELESS ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY (FAAS)
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE – ENERGY DISPERSIVE
X-RAY (SEM-EDX)
68. DERMAL NITRATE TEST
THE BASIS OF THE TEST TO
DETECT THE PRESENCE OF
NITRATES IN
HAND USED FOR FIRING.