2. • Introduction
• Field winding
• Types of Field winding
• Design of shunt field winding
Contents
3.
4.
5. Design of field windingDesign of field winding
Consists of poles, pole shoe and field winding.
Types:
Shunt field winding
Series field winding
Shunt field winding – have large no. of turns made of thin
conductors ,because current carried by them is very low.
Series field winding is designed to carry heavy current and so it is
made of thick conductors/strips.
Field coils are formed, insulated and fixed over the field poles.
6. Design of shunt field windingDesign of shunt field winding
Involves the determination of the following information regarding
the pole and shunt field winding
Dimensions of the main field pole ,
Dimensions of the field coil ,
Current in shunt field winding,
Resistance of coil,
Dimensions of field conductor,
Number of turns in the field coil ,
Losses in field coil.
Dimensions of the main field pole
For rectangular field poles
o Cross sectional area, length, width , height of the body
For cylindrical pole
o Cross sectional area, diameter, height of the body
7. Area of the pole body can be estimated from the knowledge of
flux per pole , leakage coefficient and flux density in the pole.
Leakage coefficient (Cl) depends on power output of the DC
machine.
Bp in the pole 1.2 to 1.7 wb/m2
Фp = Cl. Ф
Ap = Фp/Bp
When circular poles are employed, cross section area will be a
circle
Ap = πdp
2
/4 π= /Ap4dp
Design of shunt field windingDesign of shunt field winding
8. When rectangular poles employed, length of pole is chosen as
10 to15 mm less than the length of armature
Lp=L –(0.001 to 0.015)
Net iron length Lpi = 0.9 Lp
Width of pole, bp = Ap/Lpi
Height of pole body hp = hf + thickness of insulation and
clearance
Total height of the pole hpl= hp + hs
Design of shunt field windingDesign of shunt field winding
9. Field coils are former wound and placed on the poles.
They may be of rectangular or circular cross section depends
on the type of poles.
Dimensions – Lmt, depth, height, diameter.
Depth(df) – depends on armature.
Height (hf) - depends on surface required for cooling the coil
and no. of turns(Tf).
hf, Tf – cannot be independently designed.
Design of shunt field windingDesign of shunt field winding
10. Lmt - Calculated using the dimensions of pole and depth of the
coil
For rectangular coils
Lmt=2(Lp + bp + 2df) or (Lo +Li)/2
Where Lo – length of outer most turn & Li – length of
inner most turn
For cylindrical coils
Lmt = π(dp +df)
No. of turns in field coil: When the ampere turns to be
developed by the field coil is known, the turns can be estimated
Field ampere turns on load, ATfl= If. Tf
Turns in field coil, Tf = ATfl/If
Design of shunt field windingDesign of shunt field winding
11. Power Loss in the field coil:Power Loss in the field coil:
• Power loss in the field coil is copper loss, depends on
Resistance and current
• Heat is developed in the field coil due to this loss and it is
dissipated through the surface of the coil
• In field coil design , loss dissipated per unit surface area is
specified and from which the required surface area can be
estimated.
• Surface area of field coil – depends on Lmt, depth and height
of the coil.
Design of shunt field windingDesign of shunt field winding
12. • Lmt – estimated from dimensions of pole
• Depth – assumed (depends on diameter of armature)
• Height – estimated in order to provide required surface area
Heat can be dissipated from all the four sides of a coil. i.e, inner ,
outer, top and bottom surface of the coil
Inner surface area= Lmt (hf – df)
Outer surface area = Lmt (hf + df)
Top and bottom surface area = Lmt df
Total surface area of field coil, S= Lmt (hf – df)+ = Lmt (hf + df)+
Lmt df+ Lmt df
S= 2Lmt hf +Lmt df= 2Lmt (hf +df)
Permissible copper loss, Qf=S.qf [qf-Loss dissipated/ unit area]
Design of shunt field windingDesign of shunt field winding
13. Substitute S in Qf,
Qf= 2Lmt (hf +df).qf
Actual Cu loss in field coil=If
2
Rf=Ef
2
/Rf
Substituting Rf=(ρLmt Tf)/ af ,
Actual Cu loss in field coil=Ef
2
.af/(ρLmt Tf)
∴
Design of shunt field windingDesign of shunt field winding
fmt
f
2
f
fffmt
TρL
aE
)d(hq2L =+
fff
ff
dhS
coilfield
ofsection-XofArea
XfactorspaceCopper
coilField
inareaConductor
aT
conductorfield
ofsection-XofArea
XturnsNo.of
coilfield
inareaConductor
=
=
=
=
14. Procedure for shunt field designProcedure for shunt field design
Step1 : determine the dimensions of the pole. Assume a suitable
value of leakage coefficient and B = 1.2 to 1.7 T
Фp= Cl. Ф
Ap = Фp/Bp
When circular poles are employed, cross section area will be a
circle
Ap = πdp
2
/4 : dp =Ѵ(4Ap/π) When rectangular poles employed,
length of pole is chosen as 10 to15 mm less than the length of
armature
Lp=L –(0.001 to 0.015)
Net iron length Lpi= 0.9 Lp
15. Step 2 : Determine Lmtof field coil
Assume suitable depth of field winding
For rectangular coils
Lmt =2(Lp + bp + 2df) or (Lo +Li)/2
For cylindrical coils Lmt = π(dp +df)
Step 3: Calculate the voltage across each shunt field coil
Ef = (0.8 to 0.85) V/P
Step 4 : Calculate cross section area of filed conductor
Af= ρLmt ATfl/Ef
Step 5:Calcualate diameter of field conductor
dfc =Ѵ(4af/π)
Diameter including thickness dfci= dfc + insulation thickness
Copper space factor Sf = 0.75(dfc/dfci)2
Procedure for shunt field designProcedure for shunt field design
16. Step 6 : Determine no. of turns (Tf) and height of coil (hf)
They can be determined by solving the following two
equations 2Lmt(hf+ df) = Ef
2
af/ρLmtTf
Tf.af = Sf.hf.df
Step 7 : Calculate Rf and If : Rf = Tf. ρLmt /af
If= Ef/Rf
Step 8 : Check for δf
δf= If / af
δf – not to exceed 3.5A/mm2
.
If it exceeds then increase a by 5% and then proceed again
Procedure for shunt field designProcedure for shunt field design
17. Step 9 : Check for desired value of AT
ATactual= If.Tf
ATdesired- 1.1 to 1.25 times armature MMF at full load
When ATactual exceeds the desired value then increase the
depth of field winding by 5% and proceed again.
Procedure for shunt field designProcedure for shunt field design
18. Check for temp rise:
Actual copper loss = If
2
Rf
Surface area = S = 2Lmt (hf + df)
Cooling coefficient C = (0.14 to 0.16)/(1 + 0.1 Va)
θm= Actual copper loss X (C/S)
If temperature rise exceeds the limit , then increase the depth
of field winding by 5% and proceed again.