Lecture 4 - Space Planning - Commercial-Institutional Interiors VDIS10009

1. BY
RAMONA
SOLOMON
Lecture
4
Space
Planning

2.
Space
planning
is
an
integral
part
of
the
interior
design
process!
In
space
planning,
the
design
professional
blocks
out
interior
spaAal
areas,
defines
circulaAon
paCerns,
and
develops
plans
and
layouts
for
furniture
and
equipment
placement.
Space
planning
services
consider
numerous
design
parameters,
including
the
client’s
project
goals
and
prioriAes,
the
client’s
organizaAonal
structure
and
relaAonships,
space
allocaAon
criteria,
building
codes
and
access
for
the
disabled,
furniture
standards,
circulaAon
and
work
flow,
design
consideraAons,
the
constraints
of
fixed
building
elements
and
building
system
interfaces,
security
and
privacy
issues,
and
flexibility
for
accommodaAng
future
space
needs.
• Preliminary
space
planning
and
analysis
at
a
macro
level
(before
the
design
is
set)
can
help
determine
structural
and
building
modules
that
may
be
more
accommodaAng
to
furniture
and
equipment
placement.
Otherwise,
space
planning
occurs
within
constraints
set
by
a
“frozen”
building
design.
• Programming
findings
set
the
parameters,
requirements,
and
standards
for
the
development
of
interior
configuraAons
and
layouts
in
space
planning.
• The
results
of
space
planning
can
provide
a
basis
for
developing
interior
architectural
elements
and
furnishing
of
interior
spaces.

3.
SPACE
PLANNING
Why
a
Client
May
Need
These
Services
• To
use
space
efficiently
and
effecAvely
• To
accommodate
special
processes
and
work
flows
• To
create
a
desired
image
and
atmosphere
Knowledge
and
Skills
Required
• SpaAal
design
ability
and
skills
• Knowledge
of
interior
detailing,
materials,
and
finishes
• ExperAse
in
selecAng
and
specifying
FF&E
• Knowledge
of
ergonomics
• DelineaAon
and
presentaAon
skills
• Familiarity
with
building
codes
and
regulaAons
Representa>ve
Process
Tasks
• Programming
(interiors)
• Preliminary
diagramming
• Space
and
schemaAc
furniture
plans

4.
The
advent
of
high-­‐rise
office
space
with
unfinished
interiors
sAmulated
the
market
for
space
planning
services
as
a
stand-­‐alone
interior
design
acAvity
for
the
corporate
market.
Once
spaces
in
these
mulAtenant,
mulAfloor
office
buildings
and
office
parks
are
leased,
they
must
be
improved
to
accommodate
the
new
tenants’
acAviAes.
Tenant
build-­‐out
oZen
requires
planning
for
several
hundred
thousand
square
feet
of
office
space
and
frequently
includes
design
for
auxiliary
and
support
spaces
as
well.
During
the
1990s
the
importance
of
space
planning
was
fueled
by
the
increasing
rate
of
organizaAonal
change,
the
desire
to
accommodate
new
management
strategies
to
increase
creaAvity
and
producAvity,
and
the
conAnuing
need
to
integrate
new
technology
into
the
workplace.

5.
CLIENT
NEEDS
OrganizaAons
that
have
grown,
downsized,
or
simply
reorganized
may
need
space
planning
services.
Because
organizaAonal
change
is
occurring
faster
than
in
the
past,
many
organizaAons
want
to
maximize
the
flexibility
of
interior
spaces
so
they
can
accommodate
change
efficiently.
Some
interior
designers
play
an
ongoing
support
role
to
facility
managers
who
must
respond
to
churn
rates.
In
these
cases,
the
designer
may
be
assigned
responsibility
for
interior
design
and
space
planning,
while
the
facility
manager
covers
programming,
operaAons
and
business
planning,
and
day-­‐to-­‐
day
adjacency
and
equipment
needs.
As
already
noted,
the
need
for
space
planning
may
spring
from
a
change
in
organizaAonal
philosophy.
In
corporate
environments,
many
organizaAons
are
moving
away
from
hierarchical
structures
toward
a
more
team-­‐based
approach
that
favors
more
egalitarian,
collaboraAve
work
space
to
replace
execuAve
offices
and
cubicles.

6.
First
and
foremost,
space
planning
requires
the
ability
to
visualize
space
in
three
dimensions
and
a
keen
sense
of
composiAon,
scale,
and
proporAon.
Technical
knowledge
and
familiarity
with
furniture
and
equipment
are
required
to
make
dimensional
calculaAons,
propose
appropriate
furniture
opAons
(custom,
ready-­‐made,
modular,
systems,
etc.),
specify
ergonomically
appropriate
furniture
and
equipment,
and
comply
with
applicable
building
and
fire
codes,
including
the
requirements
of
the
Building
Codes
of
Australia.
AddiAonal
knowledge
of
anthropometric
and
interior
spaAal
issues
is
essenAal
for
the
commercial
interior
designer.

7.
SPACE
PLANNING
DESIGN
PROCESS
Each
space
planning
project
is
unique.
Regardless
of
the
size
and
scope,
the
space
planning
process
usually
embodies
the
following
increments
of
work:
1. Programming
Programming
is
were
we
understand
and
construct
our
projects
via
organizaAon
and
criAcal
thinking.
During
this
step,
we
take
a
"look"
at
the
goals,
needs,
wishes,
limitaAons,
expectaAons,
aestheAcs,
safety
and
security
requirements,
budgets,
prioriAes
and
scheduling
of
the
client
and
the
project.
Space
planning
services
typically
begin
aZer
the
programming
phase.
These
tasks
usually
include
a
space
survey,
which
consists
of
an
inventory
of
exisAng
(or
proposed)
equipment
and
furniture,
interviews
with
clients
and
users,
and
other
data
collecAon
tools.
The
informaAon
gathered
is
compiled
and
analyzed
to
determine
the
range
of
funcAons
that
must
take
place
in
the
space
and
the
accepted
space
allocaAon
standards
for
each.

8.
SPACE
PLANNING
DESIGN
PROCESS
2.
Preliminary
Diagramming
Next,
area
assignments
are
prepared
to
esAmate
the
approximate
square
footage
needed
for
each
funcAon
and/or
space.
Then
spaAal
posiAoning
and
relaAonships
may
be
illustrated
by
bubble
and
adjacency
diagrams.
Blocking
plans
(overlaid
on
the
building
core
and
shell
plan)
show
horizontal
boundaries
of
major
funcAonal
areas
and
circulaAon
paCerns
for
each
figure.
Stacking
diagrams
and
plans
show
how
funcAons
are
placed
on
each
available
level.

9.
*An
Example*
Mind
Mapping/Brainstorming

10.
*An
Example*
Space
Planning
Bubble
Diagram

11.
*An
Example*
FuncAons
Chart/RelaAonship
Diagram

12. the
*An
Example*
Adjacency
Diagram

13.
SPACE
PLANNING
DESIGN
PROCESS
3.
Space
plans
and
furniture
plans
Following
approval
of
the
program
report,
documents
for
space
planning
are
developed
that
include
space
plans
for
the
interior
and
schemaAc
furniture
plans.
Interior
construcAon
and
structural
requirements
also
are
part
of
the
space
planning
documentaAon.
Once
approved,
these
documents
form
the
basis
for
the
construcAon
documentaAon
of
interior
spaces
and,
when
applicable,
the
selecAon
and
specificaAon
of
furniture,
furnishings,
and
equipment.

14.
*An
Example*
Space
plans
and
3D
furniture
plans