To understand communication behavior and the key elements that impact communication, experts give some basic background on the general models of communication.
2. AA.. LLIINNEEAARR MMOODDEELLSS
11.. AArriissttoottllee
SPEAKER SPEECH AUDIENCE
Key points of Aristotle’s model:
a. ETHOS – source credibility
b. PATHOS – understanding the audience
c. LOGOS – message design and strategy, particularly
for persuasive communication
3. 22.. HHaarroolldd LLaasssswweellll’’ FFoorrmmuullaa
WHO SAYS WHAT
THROUGH
WHICH
MEDIUM
TO WHOM
UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES?
FOR WHAT PURPOSE?
WITH WHAT EFFECT?
BRADDOCK’S EXTENSION OF THE LASSWELL FORMULA
4. 33.. SShhaannnnoonn aanndd WWeeaavveerr’’ss
GGeenneerraall MMooddeell ooff CCoommmmuunniiccaattiioonn
Mass medium
device
Information
source Message Channel Receiver Destination
NOISE
9. SOURCE
Comm skills
Knowledge
Social system
RECEIVER
Comm. Skills
Knowledge
Social system
CHANNEL
Seeing
Hearing
Touching
Smelling
Tasting
MESSAGE
Content
Treatment
Code
Key points of Berlo’s Model:
1. Two are encoding skills: SPEAKING & WRITING
2. Two are decoding skills: LISTENING & READING
3. The fifth is crucial to both encoding and decoding:
THINKING or REASONING
13. 66.. GGEEOORRGGEE GGEERRBBNNEERR’’SS
MMooddeell ooff CCoommmmuunniiccaattiioonn
M2
SE1
“It’s raining”
M
E1
Rain
E
Condensation
of moisture
In the air
Language sequence
(Form)
“It’s raining”
event
ABOUT EVENT
STATEMENT
Event as
perceived
Source
MEANS
voice
Statement as
perceived
Destination
M communicates to M2
A perception of the weather