2. Organic cotton
• Organic cotton is generally understood as cotton and is grown in
subtropical countries such as Turkey, China, USA from non genetically
modified plants, that is to be grown without the use of any synthetic
agricultural chemicals such as fertilizers or pesticides.
• Its production also promotes and enhances biodiversity and biological
cycles.
• In the United States cotton plantations must also meet the
requirements enforced by the National Organic Program (NOP), from
the USDA, in order to be considered organic. This institution
determines the allowed practices for pest control, growing, fertilizing,
and handling of organic crops.
• As of 2007, 265,517 bales of organic cotton were produced in 24
countries and worldwide production was growing at a rate of more
than 50% per year.
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3. What is Organic Cotton?
• Organic Cotton is a cotton that is grown without using any chemical
fertilizers or pesticides on it. It is grown on land that has been treated
and given sufficient time (at least three years) for the removal of all the
toxic residues of chemical fertilizers and pesticides used earlier on it.
• The cotton is from original plants, meaning plants that are not
genetically modified and that have not been treated with any chemicals
(washes, bleaches, colors, or scents) during its processing and
packaging.
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4. Ecological footprint
Cotton covers 2.5% of the world's cultivated land yet uses 16% of the
world's insecticides, more than any other single major crop. Other
environmental consequences of the elevated use of chemicals in the
non organic cotton growing methods consist of:
• High levels of agrochemicals are used in the production of non-organic,
conventional cotton. Cotton production uses more chemicals per unit
area than any other crop and accounts in total for 10-16% of the
world's pesticides (including herbicides, insecticides, and defoliants).
• Chemicals used in the processing of cotton pollute the air and surface
waters.
• Residual chemicals may irritate consumers' skin.
• Decreased biodiversity and shifting equilibrium of ecosystems due to
the use of pesticides
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5. Myths & Facts:
• Some people are of the belief (or they are made to believe by the promoters
of conventional cotton) that conventional cotton has better quality than
Organic Cotton. However, in fact, it is just the other way round. Organic Cotton
is of far better quality than non-Organic Cotton.
• When you tell them this, they will raise another point. They will say that
conventional cotton farming results in more production. That was true even a
few years ago, but not anymore. It is true that cotton is very prone to
infestation and fungal infections and even a few years back, the conventional
cotton growers who used lots of synthetic insecticides, pesticides, fungicides,
and fertilizers, naturally enjoyed more production.
• That was then when advanced techniques of organic farming were limited to
research. Now, the scenario has changed. Egypt, a major cotton-producing
nation, has performed a miracle. By implementing advanced organic farming
techniques, it has cut down its usage of artificial fertilizers and pesticides by
more than 90% and achieved a growth of 30% in production. Therefore,
Organic Cotton is commercially far more beneficial than conventional non-
Organic Cotton.
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6. Benefits
• Apart from the commercial gains discussed above, Organic
Cotton is health-friendly and environmentally-friendly, unlike its
conventional counterpart. I think that only these two reasons are
more than sufficient to switch over to Organic Cotton, because
health and environment should be the prime concerns for any
reasonable human being.
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7. Cultivation:
• Here is a comparative study of cultivation techniques adopted in
cultivating conventional non-Organic Cotton and Organic Cotton.
Conventional Cotton Farming : -
Land is not detoxified
Artificial/chemical fertilizers are used
Artificial/chemical pesticides & insecticides are used
Seeds are treated with fungicides & insecticides
Mono crop culture is practiced
Genetically Modified Organisms are used
Soil lacks organic matter & cannot retain water & a lot of
irrigational water goes wasted/drained out
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8. Conventional Farming
Weeds are destroyed using herbicides/weedicides
Has fatal affects on many friendly small animals & insects like
owls, snakes, earthworms, frogs etc.
Adversely affects ecological balance, both due to deforestation &
extensive use of toxic chemicals
Chemical defoliation
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9. Organic Cotton Farming
Land is invariably detoxified
Organic fertilizers/compost/manure is used
Organic/herbal pesticides and insecticides are used. Bio-controlling of
insects/pests is also done.
Seeds are not treated
Crop rotation is practiced
Genetically Modified Organisms are not used
Soil has more water retention capacity due to presence of organic
matter & water is least wasted
Weeds are manually or mechanically removed
Does not affect their habitat. Rather, it encourages their dwelling.
Affects adversely (as trees or forests are cleared for making space for
farming), but not that much.
Defoliation is seasonal/natural or by water control
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10. The Cons:
• The only thing that works against Organic Cotton is the price. It is
costlier than conventional cotton. At least, so far. This is due to the
lesser production of Organic Cotton and higher prices of organic
fertilizers, pesticides, and fungicides.
• Organic Cotton farming also calls for more manual labor than the
conventional one. However, seeing the rate at which the production of
Organic Cotton is increasing and more and more farmers taking to
organic farming, situations will change, and prices will surely go down
very soon.
• You know, the higher the production and the more the demand, the
lower per unit production cost, and the lower the prices. That’s simple!
There is one more problem and that is that Organic Cotton goods are
not available in as many colors as the conventional cotton goods are.
• This is because there are not many shades of organic colors to color the
Organic Cotton with and using artificial colors and dyes on it is out of
question. However, I see no harm if you are not wearing bright dazzling
colors; it is out of fashion too!
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11. Must Do:
• Before buying garments or other goods made of Organic Cotton,
make sure following;
It is certified by a recognized certifying authority.
It does not have dazzling colors, as they are seldom organic.
It should not be artificially scented.
It should not be chemically bleached.
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12. Certifiers:
• Here is a list of certifiers whose certificates you may find on the
certified Organic Cotton goods;
Global Organic Textile Standards (GOTS)
USDA National Organic Program (NOP)
European Organic Regulations (EU 2092/91)
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