The document discusses guidance and counseling. It provides definitions of guidance from various sources, emphasizing helping individuals discover their potential and make decisions. Counseling is defined as an interactive process between counselor and counselee to facilitate changes. The principles, purposes, types and processes of both guidance and counseling are explained, including establishing relationships with clients, assessment, setting goals, intervention and termination. Directive, non-directive and eclectic counseling approaches are also outlined. Finally, the document discusses organizing guidance and counseling centers in schools/colleges, including purposes and committee membership.

1. GUIDANCE
AND
COUNSELING

2. GUIDANCE

3. 1. According to Ruth Strang:
Guidance is the process of helping
every individual, through his own
efforts, to discover and develop his
potentialities for his personal
happiness and social usefulness.

4. 2. According to Crow & Crow.
Guidance is assistance made
available by personally qualified and
adequately trained men or women to an
individual of any age to help him
manage his own life activities, develop
his own points of view, make his own
decisions and carry his own burdens.

5. 3.According to United States Office of
Education.
Guidance is the process of
acquainting the individual with the
various ways including special
training in which he may discover
his natural endowments so that he
makes a living to his own best
advantage and that of society.

6. Need of Guidance:
Complex nature of society.
Individual Differences.
Welfare state and the individuals.
Changed industrial and
educational pattern of the country.
Changed economic patterns of the
country.
Conservation of human energy.

7. Basic Principles of Guidance.
Guidance is a slow process.
Guidance is developing the insight
of an individual.
Problems for which guidance is
required arise out of situations,
Problems are interrelated.
Guidance is based on individual
differences.
Guidance is based on planning.
Guidance is based on rigid code of
ethics.

8. Cont…..
Guidance is related to the
development of the student.
Guidance and instructional
activities are complementary.
Guidance is meant for all.
Guidance is based on educational
objectives.
Guidance is a specialized service.
Standard of ethics are observed.
Periodical evaluation of guidance
work is done.

9. Objectives:
1. To make the students to discover
information about themselves.
2. To develop educational and
occupational plans.
3. To promote self concept in an
individual.
4. To improve personal potentialities.

10. Cont….
5. To enhance forward- looking attitude in
an individual.
6. To bring in desirable changes in
curricular activities to improve
educational standards.
7. To help each individual to meet and
solve his problems as they arise.

11. Elements of Guidance.
It focuses our attention on the
individual and not the problem.
It leads to the discovery of abilities
of an individual.
Guidance is based upon the assets
and limitations of an individual.

12. It leads to self development and self
direction.
It helps the individual plan wisely for
the present and the future.
It assists the individual to become
adjusted to the environment.
It assists to achieve success and
happiness.

13. Types
Guidance
Educational
Guidance
Vocational
Guidance.
Personal
Guidance.
Recreational
Guidance.
Group
Guidance.

14. Advantages of Guidance.
1. It helps the pupil to understand
himself.
2. It helps the pupil in making
careful choice of subjects and
courses.
3. It enables the teacher to
understand the strengths and
weaknesses of his pupil.

15. Cont…
4. It enables the parent to understand
their children.
5. It feeds the community with better
adjusted citizens.
6. It serves to prevent problems which
may lead to mental illness.
7. It enables the administrator to make
the best use of the energy, money,
time and resources available.

16. Limitations of Guidance:
1. Guidance services are not well
organized.
2. It is limited due to lack of personnel and
other facilities.
3. There is an overdoing of psychological
tests.
4. Conditions of life are too complex for
any person to solve the problems of
another.
5. Qualified guidance personnel may do
great harm.

18. According to Perez (1965):
Counseling is an interactive
process conjoining the counselee who
need assistance and the counselor
who trained and educated to give this
assistance.

19. According to Pepinsky and Pepinsky
(1954)
Counseling is that interaction which
– Occurs between two individuals
called counselor and clients.
– Takes place in professional setting
and
– Is initiated and maintained to
facilitate changes in the behaviour
of a client.

20. According to Patterson:
Counseling is the process
involving interpersonal relationships
between a therapist and one or more
clients by which the former employs
psychological methods based on systematic
knowledge of the human personality in
attempting to improve the mental health of
the later.

21. Purposes of Counseling
1. To give the student information on
matters important to his success.
2. To help the student in solving his
problems.
3. To establish mutual understanding
between students and teachers.
4. To help the student work out a plan for
solving his difficulties.

22. Cont….
5. To help the students to known his
interests, abilities, attitudes etc….
6. To encourage and develop special
abilities and right attitudes.
7. To assists the student in planning
educational and vocational choices.

23. PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING
• Tailor-made to the requirement
of an individual’s problems.
• Emphasizes thinking with the
individual.
• Avoid dictatorial attitude.
• Maintains relationship of trust
and confidence
• Clients’need is to be put first.

24. Cont…….
• Everyone should feel comfortable.
• Family members and others should be
included in the counseling process.
• counselor has to listen attentively,
answer questions objectively; reinforce
important information.
• Let the client make voluntary informed
decision.
• Maintain dignity of individual.

25. RESTATEMENT
ACCEPTANCE
LEAD
REJECTION
CLARIFICATION
ADVICE
INTERPRETATION
REASSURANCE

26. Characteristics of Counseling.
 Person to person relationship.
 Involves two individual.
 Helps the counselor to discover and solve
his personal problems independently.
 Helps and assist properly
 Establish a relationship of mutual respect,
cooperation and friendliness between the
two individuals.

27. Cont…..
 Discovers the problem of the client and
helps him to set up goals and guide him
through difficulties and problems.
 Counseling process the main emphasis is
on the counselor’s self direction and self
acceptance.
 Counseling is democratic.

28. Steps of Counseling.
G --- Greet the client
A --- Ask clients about themselves.
T --- Give information of
Strategies
of coping mechanisms
H --- Help the client to choose a
method.
E -- Explain how to use a method.
R --- Return for follow-up.

29. Supportive behavior
Verbal Behavior
C Clarify
L Listen
E Encourage
A Acknowledgement
R Reflect and Repeat

30. Non Verbal behavior
R Relax
O Open & Approachab
L Lean towards client
E Eye contact
S Smile & sit comfortablyv

31. Counseling process.
I. Phase-1: Establishing Relationship:
Introduce yourself.
Listen attentively.
Always address the individual by
his/her name.
Ensure physical comfort.
Do not interrupt the individual while he
is talking.
Observe non-verbal communication.

32. II. Phase- 2: Assessment:
observation
enquiry
Making association among
facts
Recording
Making educated guesses
Recording of information
promptly

33. III. Phase- 3: Setting Goals:
– The skills of drawing inference.
– Differentiation and
– Teaching individuals to think realistically.

34. IV. Phase- 4: Intervention:
Handling the interventions.
Knowledge of its effects.
Ability to read clients reaction.

35. V. Phase – 5: Termination and
Follow-up:

36. Types of Counseling.
Counseling.
Directive
counseling Non Directive
Counseling.
Eclectic
Counseling:

37. I. Directive counseling.
Also known as Prescriptive or
counselor-centered Counseling and
the Steps involved.
Analysis.
Synthesis.
Diagnosis.
Prognosis.
Treatment.
Follow-up.

38. II. Non Directive Counseling.
Also called Permissive Counseling or client
centered Counseling.
The client or the counselee is the pivot.
He actively participates in the process.
Steps involved are
• Need.
• Attitude.
• Understand.
• Accept
• Translate.
• Steps.

39. III. Eclectic Counseling:
It is the combination of Directive and
non directive Counseling
Steps involved are,
Diagnosis of the cause.
Analysis of the problem.
Preparation of a plan.
Interviewing and stimulating a
client.
Proper handling of any related
problems.

40. Organization of Guidance and
Counseling centre in a
school/college of Nursing.

41. Purposes:
To help adolescents with normal
developmental problems.
To help individual through temporary crisis.
To identify signs of disturbed behaviour at
the earliest.

42. To refer cases needing specialist
treatment.
To support tutors who are
helping individual but who
themselves want guidance and
reassurance.

43. The organization setup;
For constituent colleges on the
campus.
For affiliated college at a
distance.
At universities.

44. Members in the committee:
Dean.
Liason officer
Teacher from
academic disciplines.
Parents.
Librarian.
Warden.
Medical staff.

45. THANK YOU