2. INTRODUCTION
Arterial blood gases are an important routine
investigation to monitor the acid-base
make diagnosis ,indicate the severity
imbalance of the patient. They may help to
of
condition and help to assess treatment. Blood
for ABG analysis can be obtained by arterial
puncture usually from radial and femoral
artery. Bicarbonate helps in maintaining blood
pH value. Kidney and lungs work in our body
as compensatory mechanism.
3.
4. PURPOSE
ïTo determine the presence and
type of acid â base balance.
ïTo check for severe breathing
problem and lungs diseases.
ïAssessment of the response to
the therapeutic intervention such
as mechanical ventilator.
14. Non pharmacological:-
âą Dialysis:- To clear the toxin from blood.
âą Oxygen Therapy:- To minimize the chance
of hypoxemia.
âą Ventilator Support:- To subside the
respiratory problem.
19. âąTo reassure the patient who is anxious.
âą Treat the underlying causes.
âąIf intubated, reduce minute ventilation
by adjusting rate ,tidal volume.
20.
21. Causes
âą Alcohol
âą Cancer
âą Diarrhea
âą Liver failure
âą Poisoning by aspirin and methanol
âą Sever dehydration
âą Seizure
23. Management
ï Pharmacological:-
âą Ringer lactate
âą Diuretics
âą Administer bicarbonates
ï Non-pharmacological:-
âą To provide IV fluid.
âą Stop drinking alcohol.
âą To provide plenty of fluid.
24.
25. Causes
âą Alcohol abuse
âą Hyperaldesteron
âą Diarrhea and vomiting
âą High fever
âą Diuretic therapy
âą Cystic fibrosis
30. Equipment Required
ï Aclean tray containing:
âą Gloves
âą Antiseptic solution
âą Local anesthesia
âą 0.5 ml sodium heparin( 1:1000)
âą2 â 3 ml syringe with 20, 23 and 25
gauze needle.
âą Paper bag
31.
32. Preparation of client
ï§ To record the temperature of the client.
ï§ Record inspired oxygen concentration
of the client.
ï§Heparnised the syringe to
blood clotting.
ï§ To reduce anxiety of the client.
ï§ Allenâs test
prevent
33.
34.
35. Sample Collection
ï¶ Wash hands and wear gloves.
ï¶ Place pillow under the patientâs wrist.
ï¶ Palpate the artery i.e radial, brachial or
femoral to be punctured.
ï¶ Obliterate both radial and ulnar arteries at
wrist by pressing them with both thumbs.
ï¶ Ask the patient to clench and unclench the
fist until blanching of skin occurs.
36. ï¶ Release the pressure on the ulnar artery by
removing the thumb on it.
ï¶ Watch for return of circulation to skin with
in 15 sec.
ï¶ Palpate the radial artery for pulsation.
ï¶ Puncture the artery at 45-60° angle.
ï¶ The arterial blood rushes into the syringe
with a great force.
ï¶We should withdraw 2-3 ml of blood for
sample.
37.
38. ï¶ Once the sample has been taken, withdraw
the needle and apply firm pressure over the
site of puncture with dry sponge.
ï¶ Remove the air bubble from syringe and
needle.
ï¶ Capping the needle.
ï¶ Place the capped syringe into an ice
container.
ï¶ Maintain firm pressure on puncture site for
5 min.
ï¶ If patient is on anticoagulants use the high pressure
dressing.
39. Follow-up
ï¶Send the collected sample to the
laboratory immediately.
ï¶Assess for cold hands or
numbness.
ï¶ Change the ventilator settings.
40. Complication of ABG
ï Bleeding
ï Infection at puncture site
ï Blood accumulating under skin
ï Local pain
ï Thrombus in artery
ï Feeling faint
ïNumbness of hand
41. Contraindication of ABG
ï¶ Coagulopathy
ï¶ Artherosclerosis
ï¶ Infection at insertion site
ï¶ Abnormal modifiedAllenâs test
ï¶ Use of thrombolytic agent