classification of plants. plant life cycle, reproduction in plants, description of each class in kingdom plantae.

1. Kingdome Plantae
Presented By:
Miss Sayali Diwan
Class 11
G.V. Khade Vidyalaya
Shahapur.
Presented to:
Mr. Kailash Vilegave

4. Green Algae's are the plant without body
differentiation.
They are mostly unicellular , conical, filamentous
structure.
They are Autotrophic because they contain
chlorophyll.
Green Algae's are found mostly in fresh water ,
marine water.
 So they are mostly aquatic.
The algae cell wall consist of two layers i.e.
cellulosic and other pectin compounds.

5. Reproduction in Algae
Reproduction
Vegetative Asexual Sexual
Fragmentation
(in filamentous
form) and
cell division
(in unicellular
form)
By the formation of
various types of
Motile or Non-Motile
spores.
The most common
being the Zoospores.
They are
Flagellated(Motile)
and on germination
give rise to new
plants.
Formation and
fusion of
Gametes.
Isogamy:-
Fusing gametes
are same
Anisogamy:-
Fusing gametes
are different
Oogamy:-
Fusing gametes
are totally
different

7.  Volvax is a genus of chlorophytes, a type of green algae.
 It forms spherical colonies of up to 50.000 cells.
 They live in variety of fresh water habitat.
 Volvax developed its colonial lifestyle 200 million ago.
Reproduction:-
Asexual:-
 An asexual colonies includes both somatic(vegetative
cell) which do not reproduce , and gonidia which
produce new colonies through repeated division.
 The daughter colonies have their flagella initially
directed inwards.
Sexual:-
 In sexual reproduction two types of Gametes
are produced.
 Male cone release numerous
microgametes,while in female colonies single
cell enlarge to become oogamets,or egg.

8. Volvax

9. volvax

10.  Clamydomonas are the single celled alga.
 It mostly grows in ponds, ditches and wet soil.
Reproduction:-
 Reproduce sexually by producing Zygote.
 Reproduce Asexually by producing Zoospores.

12. LIFECYCLE(Asexual)
The zoospores grow into mature
haploid cells, completing
the asexual life cycle.
These daughter cells
develop flagella and
cell walls and then
emerge as swimming
zoospores from the wall
of the parent cell that
had enclosed them.
It reabsorbs its flagella and then divides twice
by mitosis, forming four cells (more in
some species)
A mature cell of Clamydomonas
is a haploid
Asexual
Reproduction

13. LIFECYCLE(SEXUAL
When the zygote breaks) dormancy,
Meiosis produces four haploid
Individuals (two of each mating type)
That emerges from the coat.
MEIOSIS
This diploid zygote
secretes a durable
coat that protects
the cell against
harsh conditions
They eventually grow into mature cells.
A mature cell of
Clamydomonas is a
Haploid cell.
MITOSIS
Within the wall of the parent cell,
mitosis produces many haploid
Gametes.
Fusion of the
isogametes occurs slowly,
forming a diploid zygote.
After their release, gametes from
opposite mating types (designated
+ and - ) pair off and cling together.

14.  Both reproduce sexually and asexually
 Fast growth rates
 High metabolic rates
 Fast nutrient uptake
 Occupy new spaces after disturbances

19.  Spirogyra is a filamentous ribbon like
structure.
 It is mainly found in fresh water.
 It can be long up to 2 cm.
 Cell Wall in spirogyra is made up of two
layers:-
1)Outer layer is made up of pectin.
2)Inner layer is made up of
cellulose.

23. Spirogyra

26. Ulva has marine habitat
 The leaves of ulva is like algae.
 It is a sea lettuce.
 Ulva has no. Of leaves on one branch.

28.  Asexual reproduction: Bi-flagellate zoospores
 Sexual reproduction:
 Gametophytes (1n) form biflagellate isogametes; fuse in
pairs -> germinate -> form sporophyte (2n).
 Sporophyte cells undergo meiosis -> form quadriflagellate
zoospores (1n) -> release -> form the gametophytes (1n).
 Sporophyte isomorphic to gametophyte except that it is
diploid.

33. Life cycle of Ulva

35.  In bryophytes body differentiation starts to
exhibits.
 It is also called as plant amphibian.
 Steam and leaf like structures are present on
Bryophytes.
 Water is crucial for their existent.
 Bryophytes are mostly found in hilly areas.
 Specialize vascular tissues are absent.
 They also have cryptogam like thallophyta.

36. STRUCTURE:-
 They have erect portion.
 The rhizoid may be unicellular or multicellular.
 Rhizoid are hair like structure present on lower
epidermal cell.
REPRODUCTION:-
 In Asexual, reproduction takes place by
fragmentation or spore formation.
 In Sexual, reproduction takes place by gametes.
 Male plant is known Antredium & female plant is
k/as Archegonia.

37. Bryophyta
mosses

38. Bryophytes
Mosses

39. Bryophytes

40. Bryophytes

41. Moss and Liverworts

42. Funaria

43. Funaria

44. Funaria

45. Life cycle of Funaria

46.  Mosses possess radial symmetry, through it may be erect,
hanging or creeping.
 The plants are usually foliose.
 Branching is lateral.
 Rhizoids are multicellular and branched.
 The sporophyte is always differentiated into foot, seta and
capsule and is more elaborate.
 Seta develops fully before the maturity of cells.
 Vascular tissues are absent.

48.  Liverworts has leafy thallus.
 A filamentous stage is absent. Plant is directly formed from
the spores.
 Rhizoids are unicellular.
 Sporophyte may or may not be differentiated into foot, seta
and capsule.
 Seta develops rapidly towards the maturity of spores.

50. Pteridophyta
Fern

51. Pteridophyta Fern

52. Fern

53. Fern

54. Life Cycle of Fern

62.  Phanerogame have distinct organs like root, steam,
leaves.
 Roots are present due to presences of special vascular
tissue.
 Reproductive part is visible in Phanerogame.
 Phanerogame are classified on the basis of their type
of reproduction.
Phanerogame
Angiosperm Gymnosperm

67. Gymnosperm
CHARETERSTIC
 Gymnosperms are soft wood plant.
 Their plants are perennial, evergreen and
woody.
 The leaves of gymnosperms are needled
shaped.
STRUCTURE
 They are branched or sometime
unbranched.
 Leaves are simple or compound.
 They are well adopted in extreme

68.  Roots are of two types in gymnosperm- (a)Tap root
(b)Coralloid
REPRODUCTION
 Reproduction is by Hetrospores.
 Sporangia produces two types of spores.
1)Microspore- It is small in size and
germinates to give rise to male gametophyte
which produce male gametes.
2)Megaspores-It is the large in size and
germinates to give rise to gametophyte which
produces female egg.
 Spores spiral are arranged in compact structure
called strobili or combes.
 Their are 2 types of cone- Male cone, Female

69. Male cone-
Microsporangia
Strobili (with microspores)
microspore
Male gamete
Female cone-
Megasporophyll
Megaspore
Female gametophyte
Female gametes

70. i. All these megaspores does not produce female
gametophyte only one of them produce female
gametophyte.
ii. Male & female gametophyte do not have an independent
free living existence.
iii. They are not independent in their existence.
iv. Male or female cone can be present on same or different
plant.

75. Cycus is called living fossil as it posses many character of
extinct Pteriodophyte.
 It is an evergreen small palm-like or tree-fern like
sporophyte.
 They have symbiotic association with blue-green algae like
Nostoc, Anabaena etc.

80. CHARETERSTICS
 Angiosperm are hard wood plants
 The seeds of angiosperms are covered by fruits.
 All the flowering plants are angiosperm.
 They have broad leaves.
 Angiosperm form the largest group from
plants.

81. HABITAT
 Angiosperm are found anywhere in extreme condition also.
SINGIFICANES & ECONOMICAL USE
 These are the primary food for all animals.
 Provides o2 for breathing.
 It also provides Lumbar & fibres for clothing.
 It is used for drugs production.

83. Based on number of cotyledon present on it.
COTYLEDON:-
1)It is a structure or predesigned plant inside the enclosed
seed.
2)It is termed as seed leaves.
3)Their are variety which contain one or two seed leaves.
A. Monocot
B. Dicot

84. Monocots are the plants which bear one cotyledon.
 There are one leaves at the nodes.
 The vascular bundle in scattered.
 In monocot floral parts is always multiple of 3.
 Eg- Maize, Onion, Sugarcane etc.

86.  Dicot plant bears two cotyledon in the seed.
 There is two leaves at the node.
Vascular bundle in Dicot is ring like structure.
 Floral parts in Dicot is multiple of 4 & 5.
 Eg- Rose, Lotus , Mango.

90. Pollination and Fertilization

91. Angiosperms:-

92. Lifecycle of Moss

93. Plasmogamy