4. Definition
Radar is an electromagnetic device and regarded to
be a powerful electronic eye.
It is also an electromagnetic sensor.
5. What is done by Radar?
Radar can see the objects hidden anywhere in the
globe or planet except some special cases like low
altitude, shape changing the reflection direction,
special fiber material etc.
6. Applications of Radar
Military purpose
Weather forecast
Airport controlling
Navigation
To detect and measure objects under the earth
To indicate speed of automobiles, cricket and tennis
balls etc.
8. Doppler effect
If either the source of oscillation or the observer of
the oscillation is in motion, an apparent shift in
frequency will result. This is the Doppler effect and
is the basis of the CW radar.
9.
10. Doppler frequency
+- - +
observer source
v = velocity of sound = 343 m/s at 20 degree Celsius
12. Doppler frequency for CW radar
fr= fo + fd … if target is coming
fr= fo - fd … if target is moving away
Let R be the distance from radar to target.
Let unit wavelength is for λ distance.
So total no. of wavelength = 2R/λ (two way path)
One wavelength corresponds to 2п radian phase.
So total phase φ= 4пR/λ
14. Applications
To find the target’s bearing angle, elevation angle,
velocity
To indicate the presence of moving targets
To find radial velocity of moving targets
To find whether an object is approaching or moving
away
16. FMCW Radar
FMCW radar detects, measures range and radial
velocity of objects.
It is a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave radar
in which the frequency of continuously transmitted
wave is varied at a known rate and the frequency of
reflected signals is compared with the frequency of
transmitted signal