This PPT includes the details of Congenital Heart Diseases

1. PRESENTED BY
Prof.VIJAYREDDY.V
PhD SCHOLAR, M.Sc(N), PGDHA,PGCDE,.
FACULTY
ESIC CON KALABURGI.

2.  Congenital heart disease is one or more problems with the
heart's structure that exist since birth. Congenital means that
you're born with the defect. Congenital heart disease, also
called congenital heart defect, can change the way blood
flows through your heart. Some congenital heart defects
might not cause any problems. Complex defects, however,
can cause life-threatening complications.
 Advances in diagnosis and treatment have allowed babies
with congenital heart disease to survive well into adulthood.
Sometimes, signs and symptoms of congenital heart disease
aren't seen until you're an adult.

5.  The types marked with a star (*) are considered critical CHDs.
 Atrial Septal Defect
 Atrioventricular Septal Defect
 Coarctation of the Aorta*
 Double-outlet Right Ventricle*
 d-Transposition of the Great Arteries*
 Ebstein Anomaly*
 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome*
 Interrupted Aortic Arch*
 Pulmonary Atresia*
 Single Ventricle*
 Tetralogy of Fallot*
 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return*
 Tricuspid Atresia*
 Truncus Arteriosus*
 Ventricular Septal Defect

6.  Genetic
 Viral infections
 Idiopathic
 Problems with genes or chromosomes in the
child, such as Down syndrome
 Taking certain medications,
or alcohol or drug abuse during pregnancy
 A viral infection, like rubella (German
measles) in the mother in the first trimester
of pregnancy

7.  Physical examination and complete history collection
 Cardiac Catheterization
 Cardiac CT Scan
 Cardiac MRI
 Chest X-Ray
 Coronary Angiography
 Echocardiography
 Electrocardiogram (EKG), (ECG)
 Stress Testing.

8.  Bluish lips, skin, fingers, and toes
 Breathlessness or trouble breathing
 Feeding difficulties
 Low birth weight
 Chest pain
 Delayed growth
 Dizziness
 Trouble breathing
 Fainting
 Swelling
 Fatigue

9.  Medications
 There are various medications that can help the heart work more efficiently.
Some can also be used to prevent blood clots from forming or to control an
irregular heartbeat.
 Implantable Heart Devices
 Some of the complications associated with congenital heart defects can be
prevented with the use of certain devices, including pacemakers and
implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). A pacemaker can help regulate
an abnormal heart rate, and an ICD may correct life-threatening irregular
heartbeats.
 Catheter Procedures
 Catheterization techniques allow doctors to repair certain congenital heart
defects without surgically opening the chest and heart. During these
procedures, the doctor will insert a thin tube into a vein in the leg and guide it
up to the heart. Once the catheter is in the correct position, the doctor will use
small tools threaded through the catheter to correct the defect.

10.  Open-Heart Surgery
 This type of surgery may be needed if catheter
procedures aren’t enough to repair a congenital heart
defect. A surgeon may perform open-heart surgery to
close holes in the heart, repair heart valves, or widen
blood vessels.
 Heart Transplant
 In the rare cases in which a congenital heart defect is
too complex to fix, a heart transplant may be needed.
During this procedure, the child’s heart is replaced with
a healthy heart from a donor.

11.  To repair a hole in the heart, such as a ventricular septal
defect or an atrial septal defect.
 To repair a patent ductus arteriosus.
 To repair complex defects, such as problems with the
location of blood vessels near the heart or how they are
formed.
 To repair or replace a valve.
 To widen narrowed blood vessels.

12.  Heart transplant. Children may receive a heart transplant if they
have a complex congenital heart defect that cannot be repaired
surgically or if the heart fails after surgery. Children may also
receive a heart transplant if they are dependent on a ventilator or
have severe symptoms of heart failure. Some adults with
congenital heart defects may eventually need a heart transplant.
 Palliative surgery. Some babies with only one ventricle are too
weak or too small to have heart surgery. They must have
palliative surgery, or temporary surgery, first to improve oxygen
levels in the blood. In this surgery, the surgeon installs a shunt, a
tube that creates an additional pathway for blood to travel to the
lungs to get oxygen. The surgeon removes the shunt when the
baby’s heart defects are fixed during the full repair.

13.  Ventricular assist device. For people with heart failure
from a congenital heart defect, this device supports the
heart until a transplant occurs. These devices can be
difficult to use in people who have congenital heart
defects because of the heart’s abnormal structure.
 Total artificial heart. For some people with complex
congenital heart defects, a total artificial heart may be
needed instead of a ventricular assist device.

14.  An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a hole in the wall
(septum) between the two upper chambers of your heart
(atria). The condition is present at birth (congenital).
 Small defects might be found by chance and never
cause a problem. Some small atrial septal defects close
during infancy or early childhood.
 The hole increases the amount of blood that flows
through the lungs. A large, long-standing atrial septal
defect can damage your heart and lungs. Surgery or
device closure might be necessary to repair atrial septal
defects to prevent complications.

15.  Rubella infection. Becoming infected with rubella
(German measles) during the first few months of
your pregnancy can increase the risk of fetal
heart defects.
 Drug, tobacco or alcohol use, or exposure to
certain substances. Use of certain medications,
tobacco, alcohol or drugs, such as cocaine,
during pregnancy can harm the developing fetus.
 Diabetes or lupus. Having diabetes or lupus
might increase your risk of having a baby with a
heart defect.

16.  Atrial septal defect signs and symptoms can include:
 Shortness of breath, especially when exercising
 Fatigue
 Swelling of legs, feet or abdomen
 Heart palpitations or skipped beats
 Stroke
 Heart murmur, a whooshing sound that can be heard
through a stethoscope

17.  A small atrial septal defect might never cause any
problems. Small atrial septal defects often close during
infancy.
 Larger defects can cause serious problems, including:
 Right-sided heart failure
 Heart rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmias)
 Increased risk of a stroke
 Shortened life span

18.  Physical examination and complete history collection
 Cardiac Catheterization
 Cardiac CT Scan
 Cardiac MRI
 Chest X-Ray
 Coronary Angiography
 Echocardiography
 Electrocardiogram (EKG), (ECG)
 Stress Testing.

19.  Getting tested for immunity to rubella. If you're not
immune, ask your doctor about getting vaccinated.
 Going over your current health conditions and
medications. You'll need to monitor certain health
problems during pregnancy. Your doctor might also
recommend adjusting or stopping certain medications
before you become pregnant.
 Reviewing your family medical history. If you have a
family history of heart defects or other genetic
disorders, consider talking with a genetic counselor to
determine what the risk might be.

20.  It is a hole in the heart, is a common heart defect that's
present at birth (congenital). The hole (defect) occurs in
the wall (septum) that separates the heart's lower
chambers (ventricles) and allows blood to pass from the
left to the right side of the heart. The oxygen-rich blood
then gets pumped back to the lungs instead of out to the
body, causing the heart to work harder.
 A small ventricular septal defect may cause no
problems, and many small VSDs close on their own.
Medium or larger VSDs may need surgical repair early
in life to prevent complications.

21.  Genetic problems,
 Down syndrome.
 If you already have a child with a heart defect,
 Idiopathic

22.  Poor eating,
 Failure to thrive
 Fast breathing or breathlessness
 Easy tiring
 Fatigue
 Tachycardia
 Tachypnea

23.  Heart failure. In a heart with a medium or large VSD, the
heart needs to work harder to pump enough blood to the
body. Because of this, heart failure can develop if medium
to large VSDs aren't treated.
 Pulmonary hypertension. Increased blood flow to the
lungs due to the VSD causes high blood pressure in the lung
arteries (pulmonary hypertension), which can permanently
damage them. This complication can cause reversal of
blood flow through the hole (Eisenmenger syndrome).
 Endocarditis. This heart infection is an uncommon
complication.
 Other heart problems. These include abnormal heart
rhythms and valve problems

24.  Get early prenatal care, even before you're pregnant. Talk to your
doctor before you get pregnant about your health and discuss any
lifestyle changes that your doctor may recommend for a healthy
pregnancy. Also, be sure you talk to your doctor about any medications
you're taking.
 Eat a balanced diet. Include a vitamin supplement that contains folic
acid. Also, limit caffeine.
 Exercise regularly. Work with your doctor to develop an exercise plan
that's right for you.
 Avoid risks. These include harmful substances such as alcohol,
tobacco and illegal drugs.
 Avoid infections. Be sure you're up to date on all of your vaccinations
before becoming pregnant. Certain types of infections can be harmful
to a developing fetus.
 Keep diabetes under control. If you have diabetes, work with your
doctor to be sure it's well-controlled before getting pregnant.

30.  1. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adult-
congenital-heart-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20355456
 2.https://medlineplus.gov/congenitalheartdefects.html
 3.https://www.healthline.com/health/congenital-heart-
disease#prevention
 4. https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/congenital-
heart-disease#1
 5.https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/heartdefects/facts.html
 6. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/congenital-heart-
defects
 7. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-
defects

31. Thank you