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g<br />n<br />u<br />a<br />l<br />p<br />M<br />a<br />o<br />n<br />c<br />e<br />t<br />T<br />e<br />s<br />t<br />i<br />C<br />n<br />Done by <br />Srivignesh<br />

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What is manual testing?<br /> Manual testing is the process of manually testing software for defects. It requires a tester to play the role of an end user, and use most of all features of the application to ensure correct behaviour. To ensure completeness of testing, the tester often follows a written test plan that leads them through a set of important test cases.<br />

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CONTENTS OF MANUAL TESTING CONCEPTS<br /><ul><li> Software Quality Assurance:

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Verification:

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Validation:

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Software Life Cycle Models

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Why Testing?

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Test Life Cycle

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Testing Techniques </li></li></ul><li>Software Quality Assurance: <br /><ul><li>The purpose of Software Quality Assurance is to provide management with appropriate visibility into the process being used by the software project and of the products being built.

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Software Quality Assurance involves reviewing and auditing the software products

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It is an activity to verify applicable procedures and standards

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And provide the software project and other appropriate managers with the results of these reviews and audits.</li></li></ul><li>VERIFICATION<br /><ul><li>Verification typically involves reviews and meetings to evaluate documents, plans, code, requirements, and specifications. </li></ul>The determination of verification are:<br /><ul><li>Consistency

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Correctness

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Completeness of a program at each stage. </li></li></ul><li>Validation <br /><ul><li>Validation typically involves actual testing.

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It takes place after verifications are completed

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The determination of correctness of a final program.

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with respect to its requirements. </li></li></ul><li>Software Life Cycle Models <br /><ul><li>Prototyping Model

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Waterfall Model – Sequential

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Spiral Model

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V Model - Sequential </li></li></ul><li>Testing: <br /><ul><li>An examination of the behavior of a program by executing on sample data sets.

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Testing comprises of set of activities to detect defects in a produced material.

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To unearth & correct defects.

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To detect defects early & to reduce cost of defect fixing.

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To avoid user detecting problems.

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To ensure that product works as users expected it to. </li></li></ul><li>Why Testing? <br /><ul><li>To detect defects early and to reduce cost of defect fixing.

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To ensure that product works as user expected it to

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To avoid user detecting problems.

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To unearth and correct defects. </li></li></ul><li>Test Life Cycle <br /><ul><li> Identify Test Conditions.

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Test Plan.

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Design Test Cases.

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Execute Tests.

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Evaluate Results.

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Document Test Results.</li></li></ul><li>Testing Techniques <br /><ul><li> Black Box Testing.

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White Box Testing.

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Regression Testing.

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Unit Testing.

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Alpha testing.

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Beta testing.

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System Testing.

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Volume Testing.

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Stress testing

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Security testing.

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Integration testing</li></li></ul><li><ul><li>Black Box Testing Testing of a function without knowing internal structure of the program.

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White Box Testing Testing of a function with knowing internal structure of the program.

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Regression Testing To ensure that the code changes have not had an adverse affect to the other modules or on existing functions. </li></li></ul><li><ul><li>Unit Testing:

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The most 'micro' scale of testing to test particular functions or code modules.

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Typically done by the programmer and not by testers.

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A unit can be compiled/ assembled/ linked/ loaded; and put under a test harness.

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Unit testing done to show that the unit does not satisfy the functional specification and/ or its implemented structure does not match the intended design structure. </li></li></ul><li><ul><li>Alpha testing:

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Testing of an application when development is nearing completion minor design changes may still be made as a result of such testing.

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Typically done by end-users or others, not by programmers or testers. </li></li></ul><li><ul><li>Beta testing: </li></ul>Testing when development and testing are essentially completed and final bugs and problems need to be found before final release. <br />Typically done by end-users or others, not by programmers. <br />

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Beta Software's<br />

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System Testing: <br />My name is bug<br />*System testing is aimed at revealing bugs that cannot be attributed to a component as such, to inconsistencies between components or planned interactions between components. <br />*Concern: issues, behaviors that can only be exposed by testing the entire integrated system (e.g., performance, security, recovery). <br />

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<ul><li>Volume Testing: </li></ul>The purpose of Volume Testing is to find weaknesses in the system with respect to its handling of large amounts of data during short time periods. <br /><ul><li>Stress testing: </li></ul>This refers to testing system functionality while the system is under unusually heavy or peak load.<br /> it's similar to the validation testing mentioned previously but is carried out in a "high-stress" environment. <br />

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Security testing: <br />Security testing: <br />My Gun is Theft<br />If your site requires firewalls, encryption, user authentication, financial transactions, or access to databases with sensitive data.<br />you may need to test these and also test your site's overall protection against unauthorized internal or external access. <br />