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Úvod do x86 strojového kódu  a assembleru Nudný ale nevyhnutný
Na čo preBoha assembler? ,[object Object]
Kvalitná znalosť vyžaduje aspoň nejaké využívanie
Využívanie neznamená len programovanie v ňom
Využitie: ,[object Object]
Driver / system level programming
Copy protection
Machine code manipulation (compiler, packer, analyzer...)
????
Profit
X86 milestones ,[object Object]
80286 (chránený mód)
80386 (32-bitový chránený mód +  množstvo nových fičúr)
X86-64
Rozšírené inštrukčné sady: FPU (x87), MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4, SSE5, VMX, SMX, SVM, AVX, XOP, ...
“Chrbtica” x86 Všetko ostatné (nie naozaj) CPU Northbridge RAM Video RAM ŔOM Southbridge
Čo z toho pre nás vyplýva ,[object Object]
Stačí nám zvládnuť základné operácie a prácu s pamäťou
Inštrukcie ,[object Object]
CPU ich číta a vykonáva
Principiálne sa ničím nelíšia od bežných dát v pamäti
DOS program na riešenie sudoku (62 bytov):
B4 3F 8B D5 CD 21 91 43 88 02 4E 78 F7 B8 31 40 80 3A 2E 75 F5 8B F9 4F 60 78 ED 38 03 75 11 97 D4 13 6B C0 0B 96 43 7B F7 33 C6 A9 C0 E0 7E 02 F6 E4 61 70 E2 C6 02 2E 3C 39 74 F6 EB D1
Zápisy inštrukcii ,[object Object]
0000-0001 1101-1000 ,[object Object],[object Object]
00-000-001 11-011-000 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
add %ebx, %eax  (fuj) ,[object Object],[object Object]
“General purpose” registre ,[object Object]
CPU má množstvo registrov, 99.9% času sa ale pracuje s “general purpose” registrami (GPR) ,[object Object],[object Object]
8086 mal 16-bitové GPR registre:  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Špecializované využitie  “general purpose” registrov ,[object Object]
Formát x86 inštrukcie ,[object Object]
Mnemonics  – udáva základnú operáciu ktorá sa vykoná
Operand  – udáva register alebo pamäťovú premennp, nad ktorou sa vykoná operácia. Operandy môžu byť 0 až 3. ,[object Object]
Cieľový (destination) operand prvý
Niektoré inštrukcie majú implicitný operand
Presun / priradenie hodnoty GPR ,[object Object]
Súčet / Rozdiel ,[object Object]
Bitové operácie ,[object Object]

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Progressbar - Úvod do x86 strojového kódu a assembleru