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Bier ?
                             Historisch gezien meest populaire dranken in
                             Europa: vodka, bier, wijn.

                             Afhankelijk van klimaat.

                             Biergordel = gerst- en hopteelt

                             Grieken en Romeinen = wijn.
                             Galliërs = bier.

                             Regel van Benedictus (480-550)

                             Thuisnijverheid wordt ambacht dankzij
                             monniken.

                             1580: “Mandement van Bacchus” + brieven
                             Alonso Vasquez (30 bieren !)


05/03/2013   Howest - Toerisme van't vat                                    1
Bier ?
                             Bier = 95% water

                             Middeleeuwen : grachtwater +
                             ordonnantie niet vervuilen
                             1553: Antwerpen – Gilbert Van
                             Schoonbeke bouwt waterhuis voor
                             waterbevoorrading brouwerijen

                             4-7 l. voor 1 l. bier
                             Hardheid, zuurtegraad en mineralen
                             bepalen mee het biertype, bv. pale-ale
                             (hard, zout), pils (zacht), Westhoek
                             (ziltig), Vlaamse Ardennen (ijzer en
                             calcium)


05/03/2013   Howest - Toerisme van't vat                              2
Bier ?
                             Gerst
                             250 gr./l. voor bier van 5°

                             Onbruikbaar in natuurlijke vorm.
                             Mouten: weken/bevochtigen, kiemen, drogen
                             Droogtemperatuur bepaalt kleur en smaak

                             - bleke mout (pils)
                             - cristalmout (pils, ale)
                             - ambermout (amber, ale)
                             - rode mout (roodbruin)
                             - caramelmout (bruin)
                             - chocolademout (donker)
                             - gebrande mout (stout)
                             - rookmout (‘Rauchbier’)



05/03/2013   Howest - Toerisme van't vat                                 3
Bier ?
                             Tarwe

                             Friszurige smaak
                             Lambiekbieren + witbieren

                             1559: Halle stadsrekening minstens één derde
                             tarwe voor lambiek




05/03/2013   Howest - Toerisme van't vat                                4
Bier ?
                             Hop
                             110-350 gr./hl.

                             Bitterheid + langere bewaring
                             Keuze uit 80-tal variëteiten
                             Eventueel dry-hopping

                             XIe eeuw: Affligem

                             1364: keizer Karel IV ‘Novus Modus
                             Fermentandi Cerevisiam’
                             Rijks-Vlaanderen : hop

                             1524: Vlaamse hopboeren - GB



05/03/2013   Howest - Toerisme van't vat                          5
Bier ?
                             Gist
                             Misschien wel belangrijkste ‘grondstof’.

                             1867-1883: Louis Pasteur + Emil Christian
                             Hansen

                             Suikers voor 75-95% omzetten in alcohol en
                             koolzuurgas. Kunnen fruitige esters opwekken. Bron
                             van o.a. B1, B2, B3, B5, B6.


                             Vier gistingswijzen:
                             -    Lage gisting (S. Carlsbergensis)
                             -    Hoge gisting (S. Cerevisiae)
                             -    Spontane gisting (Brettanomyces)
                             -    Gemengde gisting (hoog + melkzuurflora)


                             Hergisting op fles

05/03/2013   Howest - Toerisme van't vat                                          6
Bier ?
                             Vruchten

                             Origineel = kriek of kriekenbier

                             Maceratie (200 tot 400 gr. krieken per
                             liter half jaar op de ton)

                             Sappen (25-30% sappen, meer aroma,
                             lichter in alcohol)

                             Aroma’s (wel geur, nauwelijks smaak)

                             Perzik, cassis, framboos, banaan, kiwi, …


05/03/2013   Howest - Toerisme van't vat                                 7
Bier ?
                             Gruit = kruidenmengsel verschillend per
                             streek

                             Gagel, salie, kruidnagel, jeneverbes,
                             paradijskorrels, koreander, kaneel,
                             gember, …

                             Middeleeuwen
                             Gruuthuuse, Brugge :
                             gruitrecht = eerste vorm van accijns




05/03/2013   Howest - Toerisme van't vat                               8
Bier ?
                             Ruwe granen
                             Max. 10-20% van grondstoffen

                             Constante smaak en stabiliteit

                             Breukrijst: lichter, droger en lichter
                             mondgevoelen (pils)
                             Maïs: (ontkiemd, gemalen zoniet te vet)
                             meer volle smaak
                             Haver: smeuïg
                             Spelt: droog
                             … rogge, boekweit, quinoa, sorgum, …




05/03/2013   Howest - Toerisme van't vat                               9
Bier ?
                             Mouten

                             Maischen = beslag maken (versuikering)
                             Wort + draf / Wort koken / Hop toevoegen /
                             Koelen + filteren

                             Gisting

                             Lagering = nagisting = rijping (evt . op hout)

                             Filtratie

                             Verpakking

                             Evt. hergisting op fles


05/03/2013   Howest - Toerisme van't vat                                      10
Bier ?
        Hoeveelheid calorieën                                      Indicatief alcoholgehalte
        in dranken                                                 (in vol.%)
        (Gemeten op 1.000 gr. vloeistof)
                                                                   Tafelbier           0,8-2,5
        Alcoholvrij          280
                                                                   Zoete fruitbieren   2,5-4,5
        Light                280
                                                                   Kriek               4-6,5
        Tafelbier            335
                                                                   Pils                4,5-5,2
        Pils                 440
                                                                   Witbier             4,5-5,5
        Speciaalbieren       450
                                                                   (Oud) Bruin         4,5-8
        Cola                 460
                                                                   Speciale Belge      4,8-5,5
        Tonic                470
                                                                   Lambiek             5-6
        Sinaassap            470
        Appelsap             560                                   Vlaams roodbruin    5-6,5

        Melk                 680                                   Oude geuze          5-7

        Witte wijn           700                                   Blond               5,5-7,5

        Druivensap           740                                   Dubbel, donker      6-7
        Pompelmoes           740                                   Tripel              7-9
        Rode wijn            770                                   Sterk blond         7-11



05/03/2013                                 Howest - Toerisme van't vat                           11
Bier !




05/03/2013   Howest - Toerisme van't vat   12

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Goede wijn is nog geen bier

  • 1. Bier ? Historisch gezien meest populaire dranken in Europa: vodka, bier, wijn. Afhankelijk van klimaat. Biergordel = gerst- en hopteelt Grieken en Romeinen = wijn. Galliërs = bier. Regel van Benedictus (480-550) Thuisnijverheid wordt ambacht dankzij monniken. 1580: “Mandement van Bacchus” + brieven Alonso Vasquez (30 bieren !) 05/03/2013 Howest - Toerisme van't vat 1
  • 2. Bier ? Bier = 95% water Middeleeuwen : grachtwater + ordonnantie niet vervuilen 1553: Antwerpen – Gilbert Van Schoonbeke bouwt waterhuis voor waterbevoorrading brouwerijen 4-7 l. voor 1 l. bier Hardheid, zuurtegraad en mineralen bepalen mee het biertype, bv. pale-ale (hard, zout), pils (zacht), Westhoek (ziltig), Vlaamse Ardennen (ijzer en calcium) 05/03/2013 Howest - Toerisme van't vat 2
  • 3. Bier ? Gerst 250 gr./l. voor bier van 5° Onbruikbaar in natuurlijke vorm. Mouten: weken/bevochtigen, kiemen, drogen Droogtemperatuur bepaalt kleur en smaak - bleke mout (pils) - cristalmout (pils, ale) - ambermout (amber, ale) - rode mout (roodbruin) - caramelmout (bruin) - chocolademout (donker) - gebrande mout (stout) - rookmout (‘Rauchbier’) 05/03/2013 Howest - Toerisme van't vat 3
  • 4. Bier ? Tarwe Friszurige smaak Lambiekbieren + witbieren 1559: Halle stadsrekening minstens één derde tarwe voor lambiek 05/03/2013 Howest - Toerisme van't vat 4
  • 5. Bier ? Hop 110-350 gr./hl. Bitterheid + langere bewaring Keuze uit 80-tal variëteiten Eventueel dry-hopping XIe eeuw: Affligem 1364: keizer Karel IV ‘Novus Modus Fermentandi Cerevisiam’ Rijks-Vlaanderen : hop 1524: Vlaamse hopboeren - GB 05/03/2013 Howest - Toerisme van't vat 5
  • 6. Bier ? Gist Misschien wel belangrijkste ‘grondstof’. 1867-1883: Louis Pasteur + Emil Christian Hansen Suikers voor 75-95% omzetten in alcohol en koolzuurgas. Kunnen fruitige esters opwekken. Bron van o.a. B1, B2, B3, B5, B6. Vier gistingswijzen: - Lage gisting (S. Carlsbergensis) - Hoge gisting (S. Cerevisiae) - Spontane gisting (Brettanomyces) - Gemengde gisting (hoog + melkzuurflora) Hergisting op fles 05/03/2013 Howest - Toerisme van't vat 6
  • 7. Bier ? Vruchten Origineel = kriek of kriekenbier Maceratie (200 tot 400 gr. krieken per liter half jaar op de ton) Sappen (25-30% sappen, meer aroma, lichter in alcohol) Aroma’s (wel geur, nauwelijks smaak) Perzik, cassis, framboos, banaan, kiwi, … 05/03/2013 Howest - Toerisme van't vat 7
  • 8. Bier ? Gruit = kruidenmengsel verschillend per streek Gagel, salie, kruidnagel, jeneverbes, paradijskorrels, koreander, kaneel, gember, … Middeleeuwen Gruuthuuse, Brugge : gruitrecht = eerste vorm van accijns 05/03/2013 Howest - Toerisme van't vat 8
  • 9. Bier ? Ruwe granen Max. 10-20% van grondstoffen Constante smaak en stabiliteit Breukrijst: lichter, droger en lichter mondgevoelen (pils) Maïs: (ontkiemd, gemalen zoniet te vet) meer volle smaak Haver: smeuïg Spelt: droog … rogge, boekweit, quinoa, sorgum, … 05/03/2013 Howest - Toerisme van't vat 9
  • 10. Bier ? Mouten Maischen = beslag maken (versuikering) Wort + draf / Wort koken / Hop toevoegen / Koelen + filteren Gisting Lagering = nagisting = rijping (evt . op hout) Filtratie Verpakking Evt. hergisting op fles 05/03/2013 Howest - Toerisme van't vat 10
  • 11. Bier ? Hoeveelheid calorieën Indicatief alcoholgehalte in dranken (in vol.%) (Gemeten op 1.000 gr. vloeistof) Tafelbier 0,8-2,5 Alcoholvrij 280 Zoete fruitbieren 2,5-4,5 Light 280 Kriek 4-6,5 Tafelbier 335 Pils 4,5-5,2 Pils 440 Witbier 4,5-5,5 Speciaalbieren 450 (Oud) Bruin 4,5-8 Cola 460 Speciale Belge 4,8-5,5 Tonic 470 Lambiek 5-6 Sinaassap 470 Appelsap 560 Vlaams roodbruin 5-6,5 Melk 680 Oude geuze 5-7 Witte wijn 700 Blond 5,5-7,5 Druivensap 740 Dubbel, donker 6-7 Pompelmoes 740 Tripel 7-9 Rode wijn 770 Sterk blond 7-11 05/03/2013 Howest - Toerisme van't vat 11
  • 12. Bier ! 05/03/2013 Howest - Toerisme van't vat 12