5. Six Sigma - Goal Sigma is a statistical unit of measure that reflects process capability. The sigma scale of measure is perfectly correlated to such characteristics as defects-per-unit, parts-per million defective, and the probability of a failure/error PPM Process Capability Defects per Million Opp. Six Sigma corresponds to parts per billion if process is centered
6. 3 Sigma 6 Sigma 5 Sigma 4 Sigma 93.32 % 99.379 % 99.9767 % 99.99966 % Historical Current Intermediate Long-Run Sigma Long-Term Yield Standard Six Sigma - Performance Target
7. Spends 15-25% of sales dollars on cost of failure Produces over 66,807 DPMO Relies on inspection of FG Believes that high quality is expensive Does not learn from the past Benchmarks against competition Believes 99% is good enough Defines CTQ’s internally Spends < 5 % of sales dollars on cost of failure Produces over 3.4 DPMO Relies on capable and robust processes Believes that high quality reduces costs Learns from the past and applies DMAIC Benchmarks against the best in the world Believes 99% is unacceptable Defines CTQ’s externally THE THREE SIGMA COMPANY THE SIX SIGMA COMPANY
8. Six Sigma - Practical Meaning 99.99966% Good (6 Sigma) 20,000 lost articles of mail per hour Unsafe drinking water for almost 15 minutes each day 5,000 incorrect surgical operations per week Two short or long landings at most major airports each day 200,000 wrong drug prescriptions each year No electricity for almost seven hours each month Seven articles lost per hour One unsafe minute every seven months 1.7 incorrect operations per week One short or long landing every five years 68 wrong prescriptions per year One hour without electricity every 34 years 99% Good (3.8 Sigma)
9. .... To Produce Improved RTY, DPU, & DPMO Reduced Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) Improved Capacity and Productivity Reduced Variation In Our Processes / Products $$’s
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11. 6 Sigma Methods MFG. DESIGN SERVICE PURCH. MAINT. ADMIN. QA ... Can Be Applied To Every Business Function SALES
12. Practical Problem Statistical Problem Statistical Solution Practical Solution Attacking The Issue Problem Solving Flow
13. Ex: Improve Yield - Housing Porosity Out of Specification Attacking The Issue Practical Problem Problem Solving Flow
14. Practical Problem Statistical Problem How can we improve Y such that defects due to Housing Out-of-Spec is reduced to < .01% ? Y = Housing Porosity = f ( x1 , x2, ... xn) Attacking The Issue Problem Solving Flow
15. Practical Problem Statistical Problem Statistical Solution Y = Housing Porosity = f ( x1 , x2, ... xn) What is f ? What are the settings for the X’s ? What are the specification limits ? Attacking The Issue What do we know about the problem ? Problem Solving Flow
16. Practical Problem Statistical Problem Statistical Solution Practical Solution Change settings and spec. limits on key variables and implement SPC to control these variables Attacking The Issue Problem Solving Flow
19. Why Six Sigma ? SCIENTIFIC AND ACCOUNTABILITY BASED MANAGEMENT TOOL IMPROVES BUSINESS PRODUCTIVITY & PERFORMANCE REDUCES WASTES AND ELIMINATES NVA’s IMPROVES CUSTOMER SATISFACTION GIVES A SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE HELPS CREATE VALUE IN THE MARKETPLACE IMPROVES PROFESSIONAL SKILLS BUSINESS NEEDS IT
20. Getting to Six Sigma How far can inspection get us to 6 Sigma? PPM 2 3 4 5 6 308,537 66,807 6,210 233 3.4
21. 1. Motorola (1987) 2. Texas Instruments (1988) 3. ABB (Asea Brown Boveri) (1993) 4. Allied Signal (1994) 5. All other businesses within GE (1995) 6. Citibank (1997) 7. Polaroid (1996) Who Else In The U.S. Is Implementing Six Sigma?
23. Project Proposals Six Sigma Strategy Project Implementation Results Six Sigma Implementation Executive Quality Council Resources & Prioritization Education & Training TQM Framework Metrics Quality Values Six Sigma Reviews 6 Sigma Process Drivers
24. STRUCTURE OVERVIEW ROLES CHAMPIONS Facilitate the leadership, Implementation / Deployment of Six Sigma Philosophy Create the vision Tool the mind Define the path Realize the gains Hold the ground MASTER BLACKBELTS Mentoring: Cultivate a network of 6 Sigma Indivd. Teaching: Provide training of personnel in new strategies and tools Coaching: Provide one-on-one support Transferring: Pass on new strategies and tools through training, workshops, etc.. Discovering: Surface business opportunities Influencing: Sell the organization on the use of Six Sigma strategies and tools BLACKBELTS Individuals with an aptitude for statistics and a strong interest in making breakthrough improvements Create users of statistics and 6 Sigma Lead process improvement teams Demonstrate credible application of 6 Sigma tools Supervise: Technical Leaders Advanced users/teachers of Six Sigma tools and methods In-Depth Understanding of Philosophy Characteristics technically oriented, actively involved Leadership ability, highly regarded Both Theory & Application.Develop lead teams, advice mgrs,utilize & disseminate 6 Sigma Tools in change process Black Belts
25. 6 Sigma Resource Training Resource Training Hrs Master Black Belts Black Belts Green Belts Golden Belts Basic Tools Measurements Basic Control 160 128 64 36
26. Final Thoughts * This Training Is Project Focused ! You Must Have A Project…FAST ! * Keep Linked To Your MBB, Champion, and Local Manager Use Them As Project Resources Roadblock Remover * Don’t Be A “Lone Ranger” Get A Team Of “Process Owners” Around You