1. TOXICITY
 vg   

2. TOXICITY
 The property of being
poisonous or causing an adverse
effect on a living organism.

3. POISON
 Any substance that can result in
a detrimental effect when the
concentration is increase

4. HAZARDOUS WASTE
 Mixture of a substance and or a
chemical at a site, and its releases was
controlled or unregulated.

5. AREAS OF TOXICOLOGY
 organ system
 chemicals(substance)
 discipline
*toxicology is an area that borrows from
other basic fields of science such as
chemistry, physics, biology and
mathematics

6. TERMS ON
TOXICOLOGY

7. TOXIC SUBSTANCE
 Any chemical that may present an
unreasonable risk of injury to ones health
or the environment
TOXIC WASTE
 A waste that can produce injury upon
contact with or by accumulation in or on
the body of a living organism.

8. TOXICANT
 A substance that is toxic to
another organism.
TOXICITY CHARACTERISTIC
LEACHING PROCEDURE (TCLP)
 Method used to determine the
amount of a hazardous substance
which will leach from a solid when
the solid is subjected to water.

9. TOXIN
 A poisonous material that can cause
damage to biological tissue following
physical contact or absorption.
DOSAGE
 A specific quantity of a substance
applied to a unit quantity of liquid to
obtain a desired effect.

10. DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP
 presents the relationship between the
magnitude of exposure and adverse effects.In
toxicity there exists an increased response to
a chemical with the chemical’s increasing
concentration. In general, it can be said that
every chemical has a dose response effect.
RESPONSE
 is any repeatable indicator or measurement
that is used to evaluate the response of an
organism to the chemical.

11. LETHAL DOSE50 (LD50)
 this is a value where 50% of the
organisms die at the given
concentration, assuming that the mean
and median values are equal, as in a
normal curve, although used in more
studies to refer to the median
concentration). Obviously the LD 50 is
not useful in setting occupational-
exposure limits, but provides a relative
comparison for different chemicals

12. CATEGORIES OF TOXICITY EXPOSURE
TO HUMAN AND ORGANISM
ACUTE TOXICITY
 single or repeated exposure that occurs over a
24-hour period that results in a measurable
effect.
SUBACUTE TOXICITY
 is exposure that occurs over about a 1-month
time period and in this case s generally lower in
concentration, and the effect requires a longer
period of time to occur in comparison to a true
acute exposure

13. CHRONIC TOXICOLOGY
 is defined as an effect resulting from
an exposure that occurs over a long
period of time, like years. Certainly the
time period of measurement also
depends on the length of an organism’s
life history as well.
SUBCHRONIC
 As compared to chronic, is of shorter
duration with a higher concentration
and can be considered to occur within

14. OTHER
TOXOLOGICAL
TERM

15. CANCER
 disease characterized by uncotrolled
growth of cells. An abnormal groeth
process which cells begin a phase of
uncontrolled growth and spread
CARCINOGEN
 a cancer producing substance.
Carcinogenesis or tumor genesis is
literally the creation of cancer.

16. ONCOGENIC
 An oncogene is a
gene that has the
potential to cause cancer.
 Most normal cells
undergo a programmed
form of death (apoptosis).
Activated oncogenes can
cause those cells that
ought to die to survive
and proliferate instead.
Most oncogenes require
an additional step, such
as mutations in another
gene, or environmental
factors, such as viral
infection, to cause cancer.

17. METASTASIS
 Metastasis, or
metastatic
disease, is the
spread of a cancer
from one organ or
part to another
non-adjacent
organ or part.

18. NEOPLASM
 is an abnormal mass
of tissue as a result
of neoplasia.
Neoplasia is the
abnormal growth or
division of cells.
 A neoplasm can be
benign, potentially
malignant (pre-
cancer), or malignant
(cancer)

19. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY
 is a hazard associated with some
chemical substances, that they will
interfere in some way with normal
reproduction. It includes adverse effects
on sexual function and fertility in adult
males and females, as well as
developmental toxicity in the offspring.

20. GENOTOXICITY
 describes the property of chemical agents
that damages the genetic information
within a cell causing mutations, which
may lead to cancer.

21. MUTAGENESIS
 Is a process by which the genetic
information of an organism is changed in
a stable manner, resulting in a mutation.
INITIATOR
 A chemical that starts the change in a cell
that ireversively converts the cell into a
cancerous state.
PROMOTER
 A chemical that increase the incidence to
a previous carcinogen exposure

22. CARCINOMA
 is the medical term for the most
common type of cancer occurring in
humans.
LEUKEMIA
 is a type of cancer of the blood or bone
marrow characterized by an abnormal
increase of immature white blood cells
called "blasts"

23. LYMPHOMAS
 is a type of blood cancer
that occurs when B or T
lymphocytes, the white
blood cells that form a part
of the immune system and
help protect the body from
infection and disease,
divide faster than normal
cells or live longer than
they are supposed to.
Lymphoma may develop in
the lymph nodes, spleen,
bone marrow, blood or
other organs and
eventually they form a
tumor. Typically, lymphoma
presents as a solid tumor
of lymphoid cells

24. SARCOMA
 Cancer of
mesodermal tissue
such as fat and
muscles.