ABC

2. What is Blood Pressure?
• The force of blood against the wall of the
arteries.
• Systolic- as the heart beats
• Diastolic - as the heart relaxes
• Written as systolic over diastolic.

3. High Blood Pressure
• A consistent blood pressure of 140/90 mm
Hg or higher is considered high blood
pressure.
• It increases chance for heart disease, kidney
disease, and for having a stroke.
• Has no warning signs or symptoms.

5. Why is High Blood Pressure
harmful?
• Makes the Heart work too hard.
• Makes the walls of arteries hard.
• Increases risk for heart disease and stroke.
• Can cause heart failure, kidney disease, and
blindness.

6. How Does It Effect the Body?
The Brain
• High blood pressure is the most important
risk factor for stroke.
• Can cause a break in a weakened blood
vessel which then bleeds in the brain.

7. The Heart
• High Blood Pressure is a major risk factor
for heart attack.
• Is the number one risk factor for Congestive
Heart Failure.

8. The Kidneys
• Kidneys act as filters to rid the
body of wastes.
• High blood pressure can
narrow and thicken the blood
vessels.
• Waste builds up in the blood,
can result in kidney damage.

9. The Eyes
• Can eventually cause blood vessels to break
and bleed in the eye.
• Can result in blurred vision or even
blindness.

10. The Arteries
• Causes arteries to harden.
• This in turn causes the kidneys and heart to
work harder.
• Contributes to a number of problems.

11. Who gets it and what are its
causes?
• There are several risk factors for hypertension,
some which are out of the patients control, and
others that can be altered to reduce a patient’s risk.
• Family history,
• genetic factors,
• and age over 40
• are examples of risk factors that cannot be altered.

12. CONTROLLED RISK FACTORS
• Obesity
• Diabetes
• Certain medications can also increase the risk of
developing high blood pressure—steroids, oral
contraceptives, and estrogen have all been found
to be culprits.

13. Controllable risk factors for high
blood pressure
• Diet high in sodium
• Excess or frequent consumption of alcohol
• Lack of exercise·
• Smoking

14. Stress Effect?
Depression increased heart attack
mortality
Hostility, poor social and emotional
support and lack of control over life
increased cardiovascular risk

15. Detection
• Dr.’s will diagnose a person with 2 or more
readings of 140/90mm Hg or higher taken
on more than one occasion.
• Measured using a spygmomameter.

16. Tips for Having your blood
pressure taken.
• Don’t drink coffee or smoke cigarettes for
30 minutes before.
• Before test sit for five minutes with back
supported and feet flat on the ground.
• Wear short sleeves so your arm is exposed.

17. Tips for having blood pressure
taken.
• Go to the bathroom before test. A full
bladder can affect bp reading.
• Get 2 readings and average the two of them.
• Ask the Dr. or nurse to tell you the result in
numbers.

18. Categories of High Blood
Pressure
Blood Pressure Level (mm Hg)
• Category Systolic Diastolic
• Optimal < 120 < 80
• Normal < 130 < 85
• High Normal 130–139 85–89

19. Categories of High Blood
Pressure
High Blood Pressure
• Stage 1 140–159 /90–99
• Stage 2 160–179 /100–109
• Stage 3 180 /110

20. Dietary Management
• Objectives of Diet Therapy are:
• Minimising the strain on heart.
• To achieve a gradual weight loss in
overweight and obese individuals and
maintain their weight slightly below the
normal weight.
• To maintain adequate nutrition.

21. Preventing Hypertension
Adopt a healthy lifestyle by:
• Following a healthy eating pattern.
• Maintaining a healthy weight.
• Being Physically Active.
• Restricting Alcohol.
• Quitting Smoking.

22. DASH Diet
Controlled sodium intake
Vegetables and fruits
8 or more servings
Whole grain breads and cereals
6-11 servings
Non-fat and low fat dairy foods
2-3 servings
Leanmeat, fishand poultry
1-2 servings
Milk

23. Eat Less Sodium
• DASH more effective
if also lowered sodium
• Less than 2400
milligrams per day
• Will get use to less salt
in 2-3 weeks

24. Sodium Restricted Diet:
Sodium restriction (2 to 3 gm):
• Do not use
• Salt at table (use salt lightly in cooking).
• Salt preserved foods such as salted and
smoked meats, salted or smoked fish.
• Highly salted foods such as crackers, potato
chips, salted nuts, salted popcorn, salted
snacks.

25. • Food with sodium as
preservative such as
ketchup, chillie sauce,
soy sauce, garlic
sauce, pickles and
chutneys.
• Flavour enhancers
such as ajinomotto.
• Processed cheese,
salted butter.

26. Moderate sodium restriction (1000 mg)
• Do not use
• Salt in cooking.
• Canned vegetables in brine or canned vegetable
juices.
• More than one serving any of these vegetables in
a day, beetroots, carrots, mustard leaves, spinach
white turnips.

27. To Avoid
• Bread, bread rolls, crackers.
• Cornflakes.
• Fishes such as shrimp, crab, lobster.
• Mayonnaise or salad dressings.
• Baking powder, Baking soda , MSG

28. Mostly only these two sodium
restricted diet are used the last two
are not common.
• Strict sodium restriction (500 mg)
• Source Sodium restriction (200 mg )

29. Most Sodium is Hidden
• Most convenience foods
and restaurant foods are
very high in sodium.
• Eat out less often

30. Maintain Healthy Weight
• Blood pressure rises as
weight rises.
• Obesity is also a risk
factor for heart
disease.
• Even a 10# weight
loss can reduce blood
pressure.

31. Get More Active
• 30 minutes at least 5 days a week
• Can divide into 10-15 minute periods
• Work up gradually

32. Limit alcohol
One drink or less per day
– 8 ounces of beer
OR
– 4 ounces of wine
OR
– 1 ounce of hard liquor

33. Don’t Smoke!

34. The Harm Smoking Does
1. Increases Heart Rate and
Blood Pressure
2. Damages arteries
3. Lowers HDL cholesterol
4. Increases Clotting

35. Take Your Blood Pressure
Medicine if Prescribed
• Don’t stop or
reduce without
doctor’s OK
• Report any side
effects right away
• May need to try
another kind if
causing problems

36. Diet and Feeding Pattern:
• Diet is essentially a normal Healthy diet, the major
modification is in salt or sodium content.
• To make the diet palatable use alternate
seasonings such as:
• Lemon
• Vinegar
• Tamarind Extract
• Herbs
• Spices
• Onion
• Garlic

37. Foods to be taken freely:
• Good sources of potassium should be included in
diet. Foods which are high in potassium and low
in sodium are:
• Potatoes – Watch for calories and incorporate fiber
• Bananas
• Apricots
• Legumes.
• Citrus fruits

38. Fibre should be added in the diet.
Rich sources of fibre are:
• Fruits
• Green Vegetables
• Whole grain cereals and pulses.

39. Foods to be Avoided or Restricted:
• As evidence suggests that hypertension
is promoted by fats.
• Diet low in fat may reduce the risk
while they help to control weight also.
• Watch for sodium

40. Fat Restriction
• Consume less of deep fried foods like
pakoras, Paranthas, Samosas.
• Choose low fat dairy products like skimmed
milk, toned milk.
• Consume less of creams such as ice creams
and cakes.
• Use healthy cooking oil and cooking
method ,that adds little or no fat to foods

41. Summary

42. Try to -
• Not Smoke
• Control Your
Weight
• Be Active
• Take Your
Medicine

43. What to do How to do it
Reduction in systolic
blood pressure*
Achieve a healthy body
weight (body mass index
18.5 to 23.0).
Eat a healthy diet; get
enough physical activity.
5 to 20 mm Hg** per about
22-pound weight loss,
though even a 10-pound
loss has benefits.
Adopt DASH*** eating
plan.
Eat lots of fruits, vegetables
and low-fat dairy products;
cut back on fat.
8 to 14 mm Hg
Reduce dietary sodium. Limit sodium consumption
to 1,500 to 2,400
milligrams a day; in
general, less is better.
2 to 8 mm Hg
Get regular physical
activity.
Engage in physical activity
that increases your heart
and breathing rates for at
least 30 minutes most days
of the week.
4 to 9 mm Hg
Restrict alcohol Limit alcohol intake 2.5 to 4 mm Hg