1. Chapter OneChapter One
An IntroductionAn Introduction
to Networkingto Networking

2. ObjectivesObjectives
List advantages of networked computingList advantages of networked computing
relative to standalone computingrelative to standalone computing
Identify elements of a networkIdentify elements of a network
Describe several specific uses of aDescribe several specific uses of a
networknetwork

3. ObjectivesObjectives
Distinguish between client/server andDistinguish between client/server and
peer-to-peer networkspeer-to-peer networks
Identify some of the certifications availableIdentify some of the certifications available
to networking professionalsto networking professionals
Identify kinds of non-technical, or “soft,”Identify kinds of non-technical, or “soft,”
skills to help in succeeding as askills to help in succeeding as a
networking professionalnetworking professional

4. Networks and StandaloneNetworks and Standalone
ComputersComputers
NetworkNetwork

Group of computers and other devicesGroup of computers and other devices
connected by some type of transmissionconnected by some type of transmission
mediamedia

Networks enable users to share devices andNetworks enable users to share devices and
data, collectively called a network’sdata, collectively called a network’s
resourcesresources
Standalone computerStandalone computer

Uses programs and data only from its localUses programs and data only from its local
disks and is not connected to a networkdisks and is not connected to a network

5. SneakernetSneakernet
Method of sharing data by copying it to a diskMethod of sharing data by copying it to a disk
and carrying the disk from computer to computerand carrying the disk from computer to computer
Figure 1-1: Data sharing before the advent of networks

6. Local and Remote ComputersLocal and Remote Computers
Local computerLocal computer

Computer on which user is workingComputer on which user is working
Remote computerRemote computer

Computer that user controls or works on viaComputer that user controls or works on via
network connectionnetwork connection

7. Peer-to-Peer NetworkPeer-to-Peer Network
Computers communicate on single segment of cable andComputers communicate on single segment of cable and
share each other’s data and devicesshare each other’s data and devices
Simple example of a local area network (LAN)Simple example of a local area network (LAN)
Figure 1-2: Simple peer-to-peer network

8. Local Area Network (LAN)Local Area Network (LAN)
Network of computers and other devicesNetwork of computers and other devices
confined to relatively small spaceconfined to relatively small space
LANs involving many computers areLANs involving many computers are
usually server-basedusually server-based

On aOn a server-based networkserver-based network, special, special
computers (known ascomputers (known as serversservers) process data) process data
for and facilitate communication betweenfor and facilitate communication between
other computers on the network (known asother computers on the network (known as
clientsclients))

9. Networking BasicsNetworking Basics
WorkstationWorkstation

Computer that typically runs a desktopComputer that typically runs a desktop
operating system and connects to aoperating system and connects to a
networknetwork
Client/server architectureClient/server architecture

Networking model in which clients useNetworking model in which clients use
central server to share applications,central server to share applications,
devices, and datadevices, and data

10. Networking BasicsNetworking Basics
Client/server networkClient/server network

Network based on client/server architectureNetwork based on client/server architecture
Network operating systemNetwork operating system

Special software designed to manage dataSpecial software designed to manage data
and other resources on a server for a numberand other resources on a server for a number
of clientsof clients

11. Networking BasicsNetworking Basics
Figure 1-3:
LAN with a file
server

12. Networking BasicsNetworking Basics
Figure 1-4:
An example
of a complex
network

13. Advantages of Server-BasedAdvantages of Server-Based
over Peer-to-Peer Networksover Peer-to-Peer Networks
User login accounts and passwords can beUser login accounts and passwords can be
assigned in one placeassigned in one place
Access to multiple shared resources can beAccess to multiple shared resources can be
centrally grantedcentrally granted
Servers are optimized to handle heavyServers are optimized to handle heavy
processing loads and dedicated to handlingprocessing loads and dedicated to handling
requests from clientsrequests from clients
Servers can connect more than a handful ofServers can connect more than a handful of
computerscomputers

14. MANs and WANsMANs and WANs
Metropolitan area network (MAN)Metropolitan area network (MAN)

Network connecting clients and servers inNetwork connecting clients and servers in
multiple buildings within limited geographicmultiple buildings within limited geographic
areaarea
Wide area network (WAN)Wide area network (WAN)

Network that spans large distance andNetwork that spans large distance and
connects two or more LANsconnects two or more LANs

TheThe InternetInternet is an example of a veryis an example of a very
intricate and extensive WAN that spans theintricate and extensive WAN that spans the
globeglobe

15. WANWAN
Figure 1-5:
A simple
WAN

16. Elements Common to AllElements Common to All
Server-Based NetworksServer-Based Networks
ClientClient

In addition to referring to a computer on theIn addition to referring to a computer on the
network, may also refers to humannetwork, may also refers to human useruser ofof
client workstationclient workstation
ServerServer
WorkstationWorkstation
Network interface card (NIC)Network interface card (NIC)

Enables workstation to connect to the networkEnables workstation to connect to the network
and communicate with other computersand communicate with other computers

17. Elements Common to AllElements Common to All
Server-Based NetworksServer-Based Networks
Figure 1-6:
A network
interface
card (NIC)

18. Network operating system (NOS)Network operating system (NOS)
HostHost

Server that manages shared resourcesServer that manages shared resources
NodeNode

Client, server, or other device that canClient, server, or other device that can
communicate over a network and that iscommunicate over a network and that is
identified by a unique identifying number,identified by a unique identifying number,
known as its network addressknown as its network address
Elements Common to AllElements Common to All
Server-Based NetworksServer-Based Networks

19. Elements Common to AllElements Common to All
Server-Based NetworksServer-Based Networks
TopologyTopology

PhysicalPhysical
layout oflayout of
computercomputer
networknetwork
Figure 1-7: Commonly used network topologies

20. Elements Common to AllElements Common to All
Server-Based NetworksServer-Based Networks
ProtocolProtocol

Rules network uses to transfer dataRules network uses to transfer data
Data PacketsData Packets

The distinct units of data transmitted from oneThe distinct units of data transmitted from one
computer to another on a networkcomputer to another on a network

21. Elements Common to AllElements Common to All
Server-Based NetworksServer-Based Networks
AddressingAddressing

Scheme for assigning unique identifyingScheme for assigning unique identifying
number to every workstation on networknumber to every workstation on network

The number that uniquely identifies eachThe number that uniquely identifies each
workstation and device on a network is itsworkstation and device on a network is its
addressaddress

22. Elements Common to AllElements Common to All
Server-Based NetworksServer-Based Networks
TransmissionTransmission
mediamedia

MeansMeans
throughthrough
which datawhich data
areare
transmittedtransmitted
and receivedand received
Figure 1-8: Examples of network transmission media

23. How Networks Are UsedHow Networks Are Used
ServicesServices

Features provided by a networkFeatures provided by a network
File and print servicesFile and print services
Communications servicesCommunications services
Mail servicesMail services
Internet servicesInternet services
Management servicesManagement services

24. Network ServicesNetwork Services
File servicesFile services

Refers to capability of a server to share dataRefers to capability of a server to share data
files, applications, and disk storage spacefiles, applications, and disk storage space

Server that provides file services is called aServer that provides file services is called a
file serverfile server
Print servicesPrint services

Allows printers to be shared by several usersAllows printers to be shared by several users
on a networkon a network

25. Network ServicesNetwork Services
Communications servicesCommunications services

Allow remote users to connect to a networkAllow remote users to connect to a network
Remote userRemote user

Person working on a computer in a differentPerson working on a computer in a different
geographical location from the LAN’s servergeographical location from the LAN’s server

Communications serverCommunications server
Server that runs communications servicesServer that runs communications services
Also referred to asAlso referred to as access serversaccess servers andand remoteremote
access serversaccess servers

26. Network ServicesNetwork Services
Mail servicesMail services

Coordinate storage and transfer of e-mailCoordinate storage and transfer of e-mail
between users on a networkbetween users on a network
GatewayGateway

Combination of software and hardware enabling twoCombination of software and hardware enabling two
different kinds of networks to exchange datadifferent kinds of networks to exchange data
Internet servicesInternet services

Enable networks to communicate with theEnable networks to communicate with the
InternetInternet

27. Network ServicesNetwork Services
Management servicesManagement services

Centrally administer and simplify complicatedCentrally administer and simplify complicated
management tasks on the networkmanagement tasks on the network

Numerous services fall under category ofNumerous services fall under category of
network managementnetwork management

28. Important ManagementImportant Management
ServicesServices
Traffic monitoring and controlTraffic monitoring and control

TrafficTraffic
Data transmission and processing activity takingData transmission and processing activity taking
place on a computer network at any given timeplace on a computer network at any given time

SegmentSegment
Part of LAN that is logically separated from otherPart of LAN that is logically separated from other
parts of LAN and that shares fixed amount ofparts of LAN and that shares fixed amount of
traffic capacitytraffic capacity

29. Important ManagementImportant Management
ServicesServices
Load balancingLoad balancing

Distributing process activity evenly across aDistributing process activity evenly across a
network so that no single device isnetwork so that no single device is
overwhelmedoverwhelmed
Hardware diagnosis and failure alertHardware diagnosis and failure alert

Determining when a network componentDetermining when a network component
fails and automatically notifying networkfails and automatically notifying network
administrators through e-mail or pageradministrators through e-mail or pager

30. Important ManagementImportant Management
ServicesServices
Asset managementAsset management

Collecting and storing data on number andCollecting and storing data on number and
types of software and hardware assets in antypes of software and hardware assets in an
organization’s networkorganization’s network
License trackingLicense tracking

Determining how many copies of a singleDetermining how many copies of a single
application are currently in use on a networkapplication are currently in use on a network

31. Important ManagementImportant Management
ServicesServices
Security auditingSecurity auditing

Evaluating what security measures areEvaluating what security measures are
currently in force and notifying networkcurrently in force and notifying network
administrator if a security breach occursadministrator if a security breach occurs
Software distributionSoftware distribution

Automatically transferring data file or programAutomatically transferring data file or program
from the server to a client on the networkfrom the server to a client on the network

32. Important ManagementImportant Management
ServicesServices
Address managementAddress management

Centrally administering a finite number ofCentrally administering a finite number of
network addresses for an entire LANnetwork addresses for an entire LAN
Backup and restoration of dataBackup and restoration of data

Backing upBacking up
Copying critical files to a secure storage areaCopying critical files to a secure storage area

RestoringRestoring
Retrieving data if original files are lost or deletedRetrieving data if original files are lost or deleted

33. Becoming a NetworkBecoming a Network
ProfessionalProfessional
Mastering the technical challengesMastering the technical challenges
Developing your “soft skills”Developing your “soft skills”
Pursuing certificationPursuing certification
Finding a job in networkingFinding a job in networking
Joining professional associationsJoining professional associations

34. Mastering the TechnicalMastering the Technical
ChallengesChallenges
Installing, configuring, and troubleshootingInstalling, configuring, and troubleshooting
network server softwarenetwork server software
Installing, configuring, and troubleshootingInstalling, configuring, and troubleshooting
network server hardwarenetwork server hardware
Installing, configuring, and troubleshootingInstalling, configuring, and troubleshooting
network client softwarenetwork client software
Installing, configuring, and troubleshootingInstalling, configuring, and troubleshooting
network client hardwarenetwork client hardware

35. Mastering the TechnicalMastering the Technical
ChallengesChallenges
Understanding the characteristics ofUnderstanding the characteristics of
different transmission mediadifferent transmission media
Understanding network designUnderstanding network design
Understanding network protocolsUnderstanding network protocols
Understanding how users interact with theUnderstanding how users interact with the
networknetwork

36. Mastering the TechnicalMastering the Technical
ChallengesChallenges
Specialty areas in high demand forSpecialty areas in high demand for
networking professionals:networking professionals:

Network securityNetwork security

Internet and intranet designInternet and intranet design

Network managementNetwork management

Voice/data integrationVoice/data integration

Remote and mobile computingRemote and mobile computing

37. Mastering the TechnicalMastering the Technical
ChallengesChallenges
Specialty areas in high demand forSpecialty areas in high demand for
networking professionals (cont.):networking professionals (cont.):

Data integrity and fault toleranceData integrity and fault tolerance

In-depth knowledge of Microsoft networkingIn-depth knowledge of Microsoft networking
productsproducts

In-depth knowledge of NetWare networkingIn-depth knowledge of NetWare networking
productsproducts

In-depth knowledge of router configurationIn-depth knowledge of router configuration
and managementand management

38. Developing Your “Soft Skills”Developing Your “Soft Skills”
Skills not easily measured but important toSkills not easily measured but important to
a networking career:a networking career:

Customer relationsCustomer relations

Oral and written communicationsOral and written communications

DependabilityDependability

TeamworkTeamwork

Leadership abilitiesLeadership abilities

39. Pursuing CertificationPursuing Certification
CertificationCertification

Process of mastering material pertaining to aProcess of mastering material pertaining to a
particular hardware system, operating system,particular hardware system, operating system,
programming language, or other softwareprogramming language, or other software
program, then proving your mastery by passingprogram, then proving your mastery by passing
a series of examsa series of exams
Computer Technology AssociationComputer Technology Association
(CompTIA)(CompTIA)

An association that sets industry-wideAn association that sets industry-wide
standards for computer professionalsstandards for computer professionals

40. Pursuing CertificationPursuing Certification
A+A+

Certification established by CompTIACertification established by CompTIA

Verifies knowledge about PC operation,Verifies knowledge about PC operation,
repair, and managementrepair, and management
Microsoft Certified Systems EngineerMicrosoft Certified Systems Engineer
(MCSE)(MCSE)

Certification established by MicrosoftCertification established by Microsoft

Demonstrates in-depth knowledge aboutDemonstrates in-depth knowledge about
Microsoft’s productsMicrosoft’s products

41. Pursuing CertificationPursuing Certification
Certified NetWare Engineer (CNE)Certified NetWare Engineer (CNE)

Certification established by NovellCertification established by Novell

Demonstrates in-depth understanding ofDemonstrates in-depth understanding of
Novell’s networking softwareNovell’s networking software
Network+ (Net+)Network+ (Net+)

Certification established by CompTIACertification established by CompTIA

Verifies broad, vendor-independentVerifies broad, vendor-independent
networking technology skillsnetworking technology skills

42. Pursuing CertificationPursuing Certification
Benefits of becoming certified include:Benefits of becoming certified include:

Better salaryBetter salary

Greater opportunitiesGreater opportunities

Professional respectProfessional respect

Access to better supportAccess to better support

43. Finding a Job in NetworkingFinding a Job in Networking
Search the WebSearch the Web
Read the paperRead the paper
Visit a career centerVisit a career center
NetworkNetwork
Attend career fairsAttend career fairs

44. Finding a Job in NetworkingFinding a Job in Networking
Table 1-1:
Web sites
with job
databases

45. Joining ProfessionalJoining Professional
AssociationsAssociations
Benefits can include:Benefits can include:

Connecting with people who have similarConnecting with people who have similar
interestsinterests

Providing new opportunities for learningProviding new opportunities for learning

Allowing access to specialized informationAllowing access to specialized information

Giving you tangible assets such as free goodsGiving you tangible assets such as free goods

46. Joining ProfessionalJoining Professional
AssociationsAssociations
Table 1-2: Web sites of networking organizations

47. Chapter SummaryChapter Summary
A Network is a group of computers or otherA Network is a group of computers or other
devices connected by some type ofdevices connected by some type of
transmission mediatransmission media
Networks may be small or large, connectingNetworks may be small or large, connecting
computers in one office or across the worldcomputers in one office or across the world
All networks offer advantages relative to theAll networks offer advantages relative to the
use of standalone computersuse of standalone computers
Simplest form of a network still used todaySimplest form of a network still used today
connects a handful of computers through oneconnects a handful of computers through one
cable and uses peer-to-peer communicationcable and uses peer-to-peer communication

48. Chapter SummaryChapter Summary
A LAN is a network of computers and otherA LAN is a network of computers and other
devices confined to a relatively small spacedevices confined to a relatively small space
A WAN is a network connecting two or moreA WAN is a network connecting two or more
geographically distinct LANsgeographically distinct LANs
All server-based networks share some commonAll server-based networks share some common
elementselements
The physical layout of a computer network isThe physical layout of a computer network is
called a topologycalled a topology
Network protocols are rules the network uses toNetwork protocols are rules the network uses to
transfer datatransfer data

49. Chapter SummaryChapter Summary
File and print services provide foundation forFile and print services provide foundation for
networkingnetworking
Communications services allow remote users toCommunications services allow remote users to
connect to the networkconnect to the network
Mail services allow networks users to exchangeMail services allow networks users to exchange
and store e-mailand store e-mail
Internet services enable organizations to connectInternet services enable organizations to connect
to the Internetto the Internet
Network management services centrallyNetwork management services centrally
administer and simplify complicated managementadminister and simplify complicated management
tasks on networktasks on network

50. Chapter SummaryChapter Summary
Networking professionals are in demandNetworking professionals are in demand
Pursuing certification can benefit you inPursuing certification can benefit you in
many waysmany ways
Hone your soft skillsHone your soft skills
Numerous resources are available inNumerous resources are available in
searching for networking positionssearching for networking positions
Joining associations can benefit yourJoining associations can benefit your
professional growthprofessional growth