1. ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AND WASTE
MANAGEMENT
By:Alok Agrwal-CMSRSL, New Delhi
RISK
MANAGEMENT

2. Basics of Pollution
• Definition: Undesirable elements in
environment that can affect life and property
adversely
• Source: Naturally occurring and manmade
• Types/Forms?: Air, Water, Soil , Noise,
Radioactive
• Various Pollutants?
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3. Health Effects of of Common
Pollutants
• Suspended particulate: Chokes lung, carrier for several other
pollutant
• SO2: Irritant, aggravates heart & lung disease, supports
Cancer
• NOx: Morphological changes in lung, irritant
• CO: Generates COHb impairing release of oxygen from Hb
• Benzene: Damages bone marrow, may cause cancer,
Anemia/leukemia, affects peripheral nerves/spinal chord
• PAH: Responsible for tumor, destroys genetic cells of DNA
• Ozone: reduces immune system, aggravated pulmonary
diseases
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MANAGEMENT

4. (contd…)
Health Effects of Common Pollutants
• Lead: Brain, kidney and reproductive system, convulsions in later
life
• Barium: Muscular and Cardiovascular disorder, kidney damage
• Chromium: Skin disorder, liver damage, known to be
carcinogenic
• Mercury:Heart, brain, CNS, kidney
• Copper: Toxic to aquatic life and microorganisms
• Nickel/cobalt: Carcinogenic
• Cadmium: Kidney, flu like disorder, high BP, sterility among
males Silver: Darkening of the skin and eyes
• Solvents: Mostly Carcinogenic
• Cyanide: Highly toxic
• Pesticides: Mostly carcinogenic
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MANAGEMENT

5. Why Environmental Management?
• Pollutants have long lasting effects on human
body
• Difficult to separate once mixed with environment
• End -of- pipe not successful
• Raw materials depleting fast
• Huge loss to economy
• Env mgt: By enforcement or incentives
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6. Why Environmental legislation?
• Act?
• Rules?
• Notification?
• Guidelines?
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7. Environmental Legislation
 Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1974
 Water (Prevention&Control of Pollution) Cess Act
1977
 Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1981
 Environment (Protection) Act 1986
 Environmental Protection Rules 1986
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MANAGEMENT

8. Rules under EPA:
 Rules for Manufacture, Use, Import, Export, and Storage of
Hazardous Micro Organisms, Genetically Engineered
Organisms or Cells 1989
 Coastal Regulation Zone Rules 1991
 Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness &
Response) Rules 1996
 Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 1998
 Batteries (Management & Handling) Rules 2001
 Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rules 2000
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9.  Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation & Control)
Amendment Rules 2001
 Municipal Solid Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules
2000
 Manufacture, Storage & Import of Hazardous Chemicals
Rules 1989
 Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Amendment
Rules 2003
 Environment (Siting for industrial projects) Rules 1999-draft
 Plastics Manufacture, Sale & Usage Rules 1999
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MANAGEMENT

10. Important Notifications under EPA:
 Restriction of certain activities on Antop Hills, Dahanu, Murad-
Janjira, Doon Valley, Mahabaleshwar Panchgani, Kaziranga,
Aravali Hills, Matheran (draft).
 Prohibiting handling azodyes & benzidine based dyes
 Prohibiting Open burning of waste oil
 Formation of CGWB & Aquaculture Authority
 Environmental Impact Assessment 1994
 Public Hearing for EIA projects 1997
 Taz Trapezium Zone Pollution (Prevention & Control) Authority
 Laboratories permitted to use pathogens or GM organisms in
2000
 Exemption for certain power projects from MoEF clearance
1997 RISK
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11.  Utilisation of Fly Ash
 Exemption of EIA for pipeline, EPH compulsory in each distr.
for P/L & highway, raising investment ceiling for EIA in
certain cases, exemption from MoEF clearance for certain
irrigation project etc. in June 2002
 EC for new construction/ industrial projects Aug 2004
 Relaxation from EC for widening of irrigation canals in May
2003
 Exempting EPH for SSI within industrial estate/SEZ, highway
widening, August 2001
 List of approved hazardous waste reprocessors
 List of approved laboratories
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12. Public Liability Insurance Act 1991
 National Environmental Tribunal Act 1995
 National Environment Appellate Authority Act 1997
Biodiversity Act 2002
 Forest Conservation Rules 2003
 Wildlife Protection Act 2002
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13. Other Important Acts:
 Factories Act
 Land Acquisition Act
 Insecticide Act
 Merchant Shipping Act
 Central Motor Vehicle Act
 Prevention of Food Adulteration Act
 Customs Act
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14. Beyond Legislation
• Waste Management
• EMS/ISO 14000
• Due Diligence
• Responsible Care
• Global Reporting Initiative
• Corporate Social Responsibility
• Climate Change/Global Warming
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15. Waste Management
• Municipal waste
• Biomedical Waste
• Radioactive waste
• Industrial waste
• Electronic waste
• SOURCE?
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16. Industrial Waste… other than byproduct
• Sludge from ETP
• Fuel Residue/Spillage
• Metal Scrap, used liners, insulation etc.
• Unused Raw material/discarded product batch
• R & D lab
• Packaging
• Used Batteries
• Municipal waste
• Electronic Waste (from Manufacturing of PCB, Semiconductors,
CRT, assembly and Repair shops, disposal of Electronic Gadgets
etc)
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17. Waste during Supply Chain
• Mining
• Refining
• Transportation
• Material transfer
• Processing
• Product refining
• Packaging
• Marketing
• End of Product Life
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18. Waste Minimisation
• Waste minimisation involves any technique, process or activity
which either avoids, eliminates or reduces a waste at its source,
usually within the confines of the production unit or allows reuse or
recycling of the waste for benign purposes. It also provides for safe
handling, treatment and disposal of residual, unusable waste.
• Reduce
• Reuse
• Recycle
• Recover
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19. Waste Management –governing parameters
• Purity of raw material
• Selection of technology
• Optimising operational parameters viz. residence time,
interchange, press. Temp. etc.
• Housekeeping
• Cleaner Production
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MANAGEMENT

20. Thanks
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