Floral biology and breeding techniques

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2. INTRODUCTION
• Scientific Name : Pisum sativum
• Family : Leguminaceae
• Chromosome No. : 2n = 2x = 14
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3. IMPORTANCE
• Fresh peas are consumed as vegetable
• Peas are mostly grown for dry seeds
• Consumed in fresh form and various processed
forms like freezed, canned etc.
• It is rich source of carbohydrates, proteins,
vitamins[A,C &B-complex] ,Ca & Mg.
• It is used in genetic studies.
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4. ORIGIN & DISTRIBUTION
• Origin: Southwest Asia & Northeast Africa
• Distribution: it is cool season crop, grown all
over the world, but widely grown in USA,
Mexico, China, & Medeterranian countries.
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5. SYSTEMATIC POSITION
• Kingdom : Plantae
• Division : Magnoliophyta
• Class : Magnoliospida
• Order : Fabales
• Subfamily : Faboideae
• Tribe : Vicieae
• Genus : Pisum
• Species : sativum
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6. SUB SPECIES
• P.sativum subsp. abyssiniam
• P.sativum subsp. asiatium
• P.sativum subsp. elatius
• P.sativum subsp. sativum
• P.sativum subsp. transcaucasium
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7. FLORAL BIOLOGY
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FLORAL
BIOLOGY
FLORAL
MORPHOLOGY
FLORAL
ANTHESIS

8. THE FLOWER
• It is having typical papilionaceous flower
• Flower consists of 5 sepals[fused],5 petals
comprising of one standard, two wings & two
keel petals[boat shaped].
• Androecium consists of 10 stamens, the
filaments of 9 fused at the base to form the
staminal column & one free[diadelphous].
• Gynoecium consists of a pistil with style
borne laterally on the ovary.
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11. FLORAL BIOLOGY
• Chasmogamous flower.
• Stigma becomes receptive 1-2 days earlier to
flower opening .
• Anthers dehiscence takes place just before
flower opening.
• The stigma is covered with full of pollen grains
at the time of flower opening.
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13. ANTHESIS
• Starts in morning around 6 am and continues till 11 am
• Maximum flower opening – 11am to 5 pm
• Pollen viability 5-6 hrs.
• Stigma receptivity for 1-2 days.
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14. POLLINATION
• It is predominantly a self pollinated crop
because of chasmogamous nature.
▫Only 0.5 to 3% cross
pollination can occure due to
insects
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15. SELFING TECHNIQUES
• Bagging of young flower bud to prevent natural
out crossing by visiting insects.
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17. CROSSING TECHNIQUES
• Includes
▫ Emasculation
▫ Pollen collection
▫ Artificial pollination
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18. SELECTION OF FLOWER BUD
• Select a bud in which anthesis will
commence 12 - 16 hours later
• Petals just out of the bud
• Corolla colour is slight yellow or even
paler
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19. EMASCULATION
• It is the removal of male part from the
bisexual flower.
• Use sharp forceps & needles.
• Remove wing and keel petal with the
help of forceps and then remove
anthers
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20. POLLINATION…
• Take well opened flower.
• Gently push the back of the flower & get the
pollens.
• Then put pollens on emasculated flower.
• Then bag it.
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23. ARTIFICIAL POLLINATION…
• Success rate – 33%
• Depends upon temperature and humidity
• Emasculation carried out before noon
• Pollinate the emasculeted flowers on the
same day or following day
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