26. from a full-text database : (Kazanjian 1988) Kazanjian R. K. 1988. Relation of dominant problems to stages of growth in technology-based new ventures. Academy of Management Journal 31 (2): 257-279. Retrieved from EBSCO. in a popular magazine : (Lashinsky 2006) Lashinsky, A. 2006. The Hurd way: How a sales obsessed CEO rebooted HP. Fortune , April 17, 91-96. Articles:
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28. Note : May not list in your Reference list . Citation is made in running text style as shown below. In-Text : In an article on financial crisis ( New York Times , September 10, 200 8 ), Laurie Good berg and William C l aw describe... Newspaper article:
Hi everybody! My name is … I am your … and welcome to our citation workshop! First, I have a few questions to you. - What stage in your research are you in? - Have you written or drafter your literature review ? - Do you have at least a draft of your reference list ? - Do you experience any problems with referencing your sources? I think you all agree that doing a research is not an easy job. But even if you managed to do a good research you can easily spoil or even ruin your good work by poor (or inaccurate) manner of reporting the results. By reporting I mean presentation - which may be oral or written . Some of us are lucky enough to have good oral as well as written presentation skills. But if you look through some research papers written by master students you will see that there is a lot of problems with citations which hinders the overall comprehension. That is why do hope that our today’s meeting will be helpful to you.
O ur workshop will be comprised of two parts: theory and practice. First , we will talk about citing or referencing or documenting sources (these are practically the same notions) Then - we will talk about citation styles used in scientific (academic) writing in general and about the Chicago author-date citation system in particular . After that we will show you various examples of handling citations in your paper. Also, we will give you some practical tips on how to find and import references from databases and the library electronic catalog. In the end of our meeting, we will try to render practical assistance to you as much as possible. I hope you all have a soft or a hard copy of your draft thesis with you. So - you will be able to make some notes during my presentation and ask me as many questions as you can OR you may choose to go to the library where I together with my colleague will assist you on an individual basis.
As I already mentioned, citing - referencing– documenting sources are mainly synonymous. But I would like to remind you that there is the difference between quotation and citation. A quotation is the authentic words, that is, the author’s identical text included within the " " marks In you paper, (especially in your literature review) please try to use paraphrasing or summarizing rather than direct quotation. When you quote or paraphrase or summarize someone - you are at the same time citing the source , that is, you briefly tell your reader where the information comes from. And a reference gives the readers details about the source so that they could easily f ind the source themselves if necessary. The references are typically assembled at the end of the paper or report (this section is called List of References (or Bibliography or Works Cited in some styles).
Now let me also remind you why properly citing sources is important.
By referencing other researches’ works you: -- first of all pay tribute to people for their ideas … -- show that you are responding to this person, agreeing with that person, and adding something of your own .. -- provide evidence for your arguments and add credibility to your work by d emonstrating that you have sought out and considered a variety of resources
Your references will s how the depth and scope of your research first of all to your advisor and then to other readers and [ next slide]
… also, your good referencing skills may be very helpful in your future career.
It allow s readers to locate and further explore the sources you consulted .
Usually, they distinguish between two referencing systems: Parenthetical and numerical. Parenthetical referencing is a citation style which uses in-text citations enclosed within round brackets or parentheses and embedded in the text, either within or after a sentence. Parenthetical system is also known as Harvard or Author-Date system. Numerical references are cited in sequential order throughout the body of the text, i.e., 1, 2, 3,... Each number then refer s to either footnotes (notes at the end of the page) or endnotes (a note on a separate page at the end of the paper)
Here are some examples of …
Here is an example of numerical citation …
At GSOM we recommend the Chicago author-date citation style.
Again, in the parenthetical system you first [ text…]
Let me show now how you can check a citation in some of the databases available to you. But mind that these databases may use an out-of date version of Chicago author-date style. I do hope that after our workshop it will not be difficult for you to make some minor corrections to the citations imported from ProQuest or EBSCO. Also, I would like to show you how to find the information about the book publisher in our electronic library catalog. For example, you have a hard copy of a book by Porter but you cannot find the correct information about the publisher on the front page. In this case, it makes sense to go to our catalog and copy the information you need.