This document provides an agenda and learning targets for a history lesson on the Reformation. It discusses key figures who pushed for reform of the Catholic Church in the 15th century, including John Wycliffe and Desiderius Erasmus. It also explains the Catholic Church's doctrine of purgatory and indulgences, which were criticized. Finally, it summarizes how Henry VIII broke from the Catholic Church in 1534 and established the Church of England to gain an annulment from the pope.

1. Good Day! Get out your history books and have your comp-books ready to go!
Monday, December 9th, 2019
1st 8:49—10:30
3rd 10:34—12:16
5th 12:50—2:30
Agenda for the Day:
Today, we’re looking at the
20.3, “The Reformation
Begins.” We’ll be discussing it
in depth, then, you’ll have
time to complete the reading
and the worksheet for this
lesson, which is due
Wednesday at the start of
class.
Learning Targets:
• Explain why the Church was
pressured to reform.
• Identify and describe the
intentions of influential people
who saw the need for religious
reform in Europe.
• Locate European countries that
were significant to the
Reformation and explain why.
Events during the Reformation led to the development of
new Christian churches that still exist today.

2. Early Calls for Reform
Renaissance Humanism led to people wanting to
reform the Catholic Church, and its practices –
especially the selling of indulgences. This
changed the world.

3. John Wycliffe left quite an
impression on the church: 43 years after his
death, officials dug up his body, burned his
remains, and threw the ashes into the river
Swift. Still, they couldn't get rid of him.
Wycliffe's teachings, though suppressed,
continued to spread.
John Wycliffe, an English scholastic
philosopher, theologian, Biblical translator,
reformer, English priest, and a seminary
professor at the University of Oxford, became
an influential dissident within the Roman
Catholic priesthood during the 14th century
and is considered an important predecessor to
Protestantism.
He challenged indulgences: "It is plain to me
that our prelates in granting indulgences do
commonly blaspheme the wisdom of God."

4. Desiderius Erasmus

7. Purgatory
In Roman Catholic theology, purgatory
(Latin: Purgatorium) is an intermediate state after
physical death in which some of those ultimately
destined for heaven must first "undergo
purification, so as to achieve the holiness necessary
to enter the joy of heaven," holding that "certain
offenses can be forgiven in this age, but certain
others in the age to come." And that entrance into
Heaven requires the "remission before God of the
temporal punishment due to [venial] sins whose
guilt has already been forgiven," for which
indulgences may be given which remove "either
part or all of the temporal punishment due to sin,"
such as an "unhealthy attachment" to sin. Only
those who die in the state of grace but have not
yet fulfilled the temporal punishment due to their
sin can be in purgatory, and therefore, no one in
purgatory will remain forever in that state nor go
to hell.

8. November 3rd, 1534: Henry VIII Becomes Head of the Church of England
On this day in 1534 King Henry VIII
became the Head of the newly founded
Church of England. At the time this was a
seismic shift in the power dynamics of
Europe, as England’s split from Rome was
confirmed. Desperate for a divorce with
his first wife Catherine of Aragon, and
denied it by the Pope, Henry saw leaving
the Catholic Church as his only option.
Given that this had never happened in
the thousand year history of Christianity
in England, it was a huge decision and
required a comprehensive restructuring
of every sector of English governance
and society in an age where religious
matters were of great importance.

11. Why did Martin Luther want the Reformation of the Catholic Church?
Why did the pope want to sell indulgences?
Why did many Europeans criticize the Catholic Church at the time of the Reformation?
What types of reforms did Luther want for the Catholic Church?
Why was Germany’s split between Protestants in the north, and Catholics in the south important?
How did John Calvin’s ideas take root in the American colonies?
Lesson 3 Review  answer in your comp books