Power point presentation about speaking. It shows the main characteristics to achieve an effective oral interaction.

1. Speaking

2. • Dominguez, Valeria; Grieco Mayra; Lugano M.
Eugenia
• Saubidet Oyhamburu Stella
• Language and Written expression IV
• 21 August 2014

3. • “Speaking is a interactive process of
constructing meaning that involves producing
and receiving and processing information”
(Brown, 1994; Burns & Joyce, 1997)

4. Making oneself understood in a
second language

5. Speaker Hearer
Iniciates the interaction
Communicative intention
Brings presuppositions and
expectations
Interprets the speaker´s
message
Reacts to the message
Changes his or her role

6. Oral interaction
SPEAKER HEARER
IDEAS
FEELINGS
ATTITUDES
INFORMATION
•LINGUISTIC FORM
•PHYSICAL CONTEXT
•SOCIOCULTURAL NORMS

7. MISUNDERSTANDING IN ORAL
COMMUNICATION
• Lack of command of the target linguistic
knowledge
• Lack of sharing sociocultural rules of
appropiacy and background knowledge

9. Speaking: Controversial skill
• Difficult – Listening comprehension
Speech production subskills
• Easy- body language
- demonstration
- repetition
-strategies

10. Speech production
• Levelt´s contextual factors
• Demand
• Arousal
• Feedback
• Effectiveness
• Coherent organization
• Cohesion
• Appropiate choice of lexical items

11. Cooperative principle
• Grice´s maxims
• Quantity
• Quality
• Relevance
• Manner

12. PARTICIPATING IN ORAL INTERACTION
MAINTAINING THE FLOW OF SPEECH
Turn-taking rules
Effective comunicator
ACCOMMODATING THE HEARER
•Body language
•Grice´s maxims
•Sociocultural appropiacy rules
•Eye contact

13. PREREQUISITES FOR SPEAKING IN
ANOTHER LANGUAGE
• Good use of pragmatics and
sociocultural factors.
• Vocabulary relevant to the situation
• Good use of discourse connectors
• Suitable opening and closing phrases
• Basic intonation patterns
• Proper rhythm and stress
• Grice´s maxims
E C
F O
F M
E M
C U
T N
I I
V C
E A
T
I
O
N

14. COMPENSATION STRATEGIES FOR
LINGUISTIC DIFFICULTIES
• Paraphrasing
• Asking for help
• Using examples and explanations
• Using body language

15. Speaking and
writing

16. Speaking is similar to writing...
When we speak to
someone we take
into account the
listener´s context

17. Spoken discourse Written discourse
Sound Visual
Temporal Exists in time
Immediate Deferred
Sequential Hierarchical
Frequently unplanned Planned
Little editing Can be editted
Redundancy, repetition More dense

18. sources
• Celce- Murcia, M. & Olshtain, E. (2000)
Discorse and Context in Language Teaching
• Youtube´s website. Available at
• Pagina d ela frase