Classification and Taxonomy

1. Bellringer: Monday, March 17, 2014
What is the name of this animal?
a. Puma
b. Cougar
c. Mountain lion
d. Panther
All of the above…these are
common names for the same
animal.

2. Objective
•We will define and recognize the
importance of taxonomy

3. Anticipatory Set

4. What is the impact of having misleading names?
Anticipatory Set

5. To avoid confusion caused by
regional names, biologists use a
classification system to group
organisms in an organized and
logical manner and to assign names.

6. What is taxonomy?
•It’s the science of naming
and classifying organisms.

7. What is Classification?
It’s the grouping of objects
or information on the basis
of similarities.

8. The classification system:
• Domain Dear
• Kingdom King
• Phylum Philip
• Class came
• Order over
• Family from
• Genus Great
• Species Spain

9. Hierarchical
Classification
• Taxonomic categories
• Kingdom includes all the
phyla
• Phylum includes all the
classes
• Class includes all the
orders
• Order includes all the
families
• Family includes all the
genera
• Genus includes all the
species
• Species
Each level is
called a taxon

10. Human Classification
• Domain Eukarya
• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Chordata
• Class Mammalia
• Order Primates
• Family Hominidae
• Genus Homo
• Species sapiens

11. Work with your partner to create your own
pneumonic for remembering the levels of
classification:
• D
• K
• P
• C
• O
• F
• G
• S

12. Carl Linnaeus
•a.k.a. Father of
Taxonomy
•Linnaeus developed
the two-word
naming
system…binomial
nomenclature.

13. Binomial Nomenclature
•Two-word naming system (scientific name)
•Bi means 2/nomial means name
•Written in Latin
•1st word represents Genus
• Written capitalized, underlined or Italicized
•2nd word represents Species
• Written lower Case, underlined or Italicized

14. Venus mercenary
(genus)
clam
Lower caseCapitalized
(species)

15. dog
Mountain lionfox
wolf
What are some ways these
animals are similar and what are
some ways they are different?
All belong to the same Kingdom: Animalia
Same phylum: Chordata
Same class: Mammalia
Same order: Carnivora
Dog, wolf, fox all belong to the same family: Canidae
Dog and wolf belong to same genus: Canis
Dog and wolf are different species

16. Dogs of different “breeds” all belong
to the same species
Canis familiaris; therefore all can mate
and produce fertile offspring.

17. According to the table, at what level does
the domestic cat diverge from the ferret?
(diverge means break away from)
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Common Name
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Mysticeti
Balenopora
physalus
Blue Whale
Animalia Animalia
Chordata Chordata
Mammalia Mammalia
Carnivora Carnivora
Mustelidae Felidae
Mustela Felis
furo catus
Ferret Domestic cat

18. How many levels of classification
do all three animals share?
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Common Name
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Mysticeti
Balenopora
physalus
Blue Whale
Animalia Animalia
Chordata Chordata
Mammalia Mammalia
Carnivora Carnivora
Mustelidae Felidae
Mustela Felis
furo catus
Ferret Domestic cat

19. Mustela africana is closely related
to which of the following mammals?
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Common Name
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Mysticeti
Balenopora
physalus
Blue Whale
Animalia Animalia
Chordata Chordata
Mammalia Mammalia
Carnivora Carnivora
Mustelidae Felidae
Mustela Felis
furo catus
Ferret Domestic cat

20. The most general group that an
organism can belong to is its —
A genus
B class
C family
D kingdom

21. Binomial Nomenclature
•Practice using binomial nomenclature by writing
your first and last name correctly.
•Also, write the first and last name of 2 friends in
class correctly.

22. Binomial Nomenclature
• Trade with the person next to you
• Grade their samples of their binomial
nomenclature
• Provide feedback if they need more work

23. The classification of shoes
• Create a flow map to categorize shoes
shoes
boots
heels
athletic
flats
sandals
basketball running
cleats
pointy
rounded
Flip flops
slides
stiletto
wedge
Knee high
calf

24. Independent Practice
• Complete the worksheet provided. You have 10
minutes

25. Product
What would happen if there was not a
taxonomic system for classifying organisms?
Explain your answer in complete sentences.

26. Bellringer: Tuesday, March 18, 2014
Which of the following is
the correct scientific
name of this organism?
a.equus caballus
b.Black stallion
c.Equus caballus
d.horse

28. Bacteria

29. Bacteria

30. Objective
•We will identify and compare the
characteristics of Kingdoms
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.

31. Domains and Kingdoms
BacteriaArchaea Eukarya
BacteriaArchae Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia
The three-domain system
The six-kingdom system

32. Vocabulary
1. Multicellular – many cells
2. Unicellular – one cell
3. Prokaryote- no nucleus
4. Eukaryote- has a nucleus
5. Autotroph – makes its own food
6. Heterotroph – consumes (takes in) food
7. Sexual – male and female make a different offspring
8. Asexual – not sexual, identical copy
9. Decomposer- breaks down dead stuff
10. Chitin- in cell wall of fungi
11. Motile - moves
12. Sessile – doesn’t move

33. Kingdom Archaebacteria
• The OLD bacteria
• Live in extreme habitats
• Unicellular
• Prokaryotic
• Heterotrophic and chemotrophic
• Asexual

34. Examples of Archaebacteria:
1. methanogens
-produce methane: found in intestines
and sewage plants
2. halophiles
-love and live and salt
3. thermophiles
-love and live in extreme temperatures

35. Kingdom Archaebacteria
• Archaebacteria can live deep
in the ocean near geothermal
vents called black smokers
• There is no light, so they carry
out chemosynthesis instead of
photosynthesis

36. Kingdom Eubacteria
• The NEW bacteria
• Live in a wide variety of habitats, including other
organisms
• Unicellular
• Prokaryotic
• Heterotrophic, autotrophic, and chemotrophic
• Asexual

37. Examples of Eubacteria:
1. cyanobacteria
-blue/green bacteria that
chloroplasts evolved from
2. good bacteria
-probiotics
3. bad bacteria
-strep, staph, chlamydia

38. Guided practice- create a booklet
• Number each page at the bottom right corner (front and back)
• Create a cover for your 6 kingdoms booklet (pg 1)
• On page 2 do the following:
• Write “Kingdom Archaebacteria” at the top
• Include the characteristics from your chart for this kingdom
• Type of cell, feeding type, cell number, reproduction
• Give a description and draw a picture for each example
• Methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles
• Describe this kingdom in your own words
• On page 3 do the following:
• Write “Kingdom Eubacteria” at the top
• Include the characteristics from your chart for this kingdom
• Type of cell, feeding type, cell number, reproduction
• Give a description and draw a picture for each example
• Cyanobacteria, good bacteria, bad bacteria
• Describe this kingdom in your own words

39. Product
Compare and contrast the characteristics of
the kingdoms archaebacteria and eubacteria

40. Bellringer: Wednesday, March 19, 2014
Explain the similarities and
differences between the kingdoms
archaebacteria and eubacteria

41. Objective
•We will identify and compare the
characteristics of Kingdoms Protista and
Fungi

42. Protists and Fungi

43. Protists and Fungi

44. Domains and Kingdoms
BacteriaArchaea Eukarya
BacteriaArchae Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia
The three-domain system
The six-kingdom system

45. Kingdom Protista
• The “leftover” group
• Similar to bacteria but are very complex
• Eukaryotic
• Mostly unicellular
• Autotrophic and heterotrophic
• Asexual

46. Examples of Protists:
1. ameobas (animal like): use psuedoposdia “fake feet”
for movement. All aquatic
2. algae (plant like): the green stuff
3. slime molds
(fungi like):
4. euglena (bacteria-like): use flagella and
have an “eye”

47. Kingdom Fungi
• Eukaryotic
• Most are multicellular
• Heterotrophic (decomposers)
• Cell walls made of chitin
• Do NOT move. Live on or in their food.
• Nutrients absorbed after extracellular digestion
• Asexual
• spores

48. Examples of Fungi:
mildew
Bread mold
Shelf or bracket fungi
YEASTMushrooms
Mildew
Ringworm
Athlete’s foot

49. Guided practice- create a booklet
• On page 4 do the following:
• Write “Kingdom Protista” at the top
• Include the characteristics from your chart for this
kingdom
• Type of cell, feeding type, cell number, reproduction
• Give a description and draw a picture for each example
• Euglena, amoeba, slime molds, algae
• Describe this kingdom in your own words
• On page 5 do the following:
• Write “Kingdom Fungi” at the top
• Include the characteristics from your chart for this
kingdom
• Type of cell, feeding type, cell number, reproduction
• Give a description and draw a picture for each example
• Mushroom, yeast, mildew
• Describe this kingdom in your own words

50. Product
Compare and contrast the characteristics of
the kingdoms Protista and Fungi

51. Bellringer: Thursday, March 20, 2014
Explain the similarities and
differences between the
kingdoms Protista and Fungi

52. Objective
•We will identify and compare the
characteristics of Kingdoms Plantae and
Animalia

53. Plants and Animals

54. Domains and Kingdoms
BacteriaArchaea Eukarya
BacteriaArchae Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia
The three-domain system
The six-kingdom system

55. Kingdom Plantae
• Eukaryotic
• Multicellular
• Autotrophic
• Cell wall
• Sexual

56. Examples of Plants:

57. Kingdom Plantae
ALL PLANTS –
mosses,
ferns,
gymnospsssser
ms,
Angiosperms

58. Kingdom Animalia
• Eukaryotic
• Multicellular
• Heterotrophic
• No cell walls
• sexual

59. Examples of Animalia: 9 phyla
1. porifera (sponges)
2. cnidaria (jellyfish)
3. Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
4. nematoda (roundworms)
5. annelida (segmented worms)
6. arthropoda (insects and crustaceans)
7. Mollusca (shell fish and octopus)
8. Echinodermata (star fish)
9. chordata (fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, mammals US!)

60. Kingdom Animalia
Coral snake
Sponge
Flatworm
Octopus
Jellyfish
Bear
Worms, sponges, sea urchins,
Invertebrates, vertebrates

61. What should go in the two unknown boxes?
Explain why your answer is the best.

62. Guided practice- create a booklet
• On page 6 do the following:
• Write “Kingdom Plantae” at the top
• Include the characteristics from your chart for this kingdom
• Type of cell, feeding type, cell number, reproduction
• Give a description and draw a picture for each example
• Mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms
• Describe this kingdom in your own words
• On page 7 do the following:
• Write “Kingdom Animalia” at the top
• Include the characteristics from your chart for this kingdom
• Type of cell, feeding type, cell number, reproduction
• Give a description and draw a picture for each example
• Porifera, cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, nematoda, annelida, Mollusca,
Echinodermata, arthropoda, chordata
• Describe this kingdom in your own words

63. Product
Compare and contrast the characteristics of
the kingdoms Plantae and Animalia

64. Bellringer: Friday, March 21, 2014
The organisms below are in the kingdom Animalia because --
A. they are all prokaryotic.
B. they all have a cell wall.
C. they are all unicellular.
D. they are all heterotrophs.
Use complete sentences to explain your answer

66. Candy classification
1A. CANDY IS CHEWY…………………………………………… go to 2
1B. CANDY IS HARD……………………………………………… go to 7
2A. CANDY IS WRAPPED………………………………………… go to 3
2B. CANDY IS NOT WRAPPED………………………………….. Ursa gummus
3A. CANDY IS ROUNDED………………………………………… go to 4
3B. CANDY IS NOT ROUNDED………………………………….. go to 5
4A. WRAPPER IS ALL WHITE……………………………………Saltus taffinia
4B. WRAPPER IS NOT WHITE…………………………………… go to 5
5A. WRAPPER IS BROWN AND WHITE…………………………Tutus rollus
5B. WRAPPER IS NOT BROWN AND WHITE………………….. Go to 6
6A. WRAPPER IS SILVER………………………………………….Chocolatus cyssan
6B. WRAPPER VARIES IN COLOR………………………………Steorra explodus
7A. CANDY IS SPHERICAL(ball shaped)…………………………. go to 8
7B. CANDY IS NOT SPHERICAL………………………………….. go to 9
8A. CANDY IS WRAPPED…………………………………………… go to 11
8B. CANDY IS UNWRAPPED……………………………………….. Sweetus tartus
9A. WRAPPER IS TRANSPARENT(see through)…………………… go to 10
9B. WRAPPER TELLS THE FLAVOR………………………………. Joyous rancheria
10A. WRAPPER IS CLEAR…………………………………………….Mintus stripus
10B. WRAPPER IS YELLOW………………………………………….Ranunculus scotchus
11A. CANDY IS ON A STICK…………………………………………. Moronus moronus
11B. CANDY IS NOT ON A STICK……………………………………Sperus combustus

67. Objective
•We will categorize organisms using a
dichotomous key

68. What is a dichotomous key
• It is a tool used to determine the identity of an
organism
• Usually asks yes or no questions

69. How do you use a
Dichotomous Key
• Always gives you two choices
• Examine your organism and determine which of the
2 choices it fits the best
• Follow the steps
• Keep classifying until you get to the genus and
species of the organism

70. Guided practice
Station 1: Kingdom Archae
1. 2.
3. 4.
Station 2: Kingdom Bacteria
1. 2.
3. 4.
Station 3: Kingdom Protista
Station 4: Kingdom Fungi
Station 5: Kingdom Plantae
Station 6: Kingdom Animalia

71. Product
What phylum should this animal be classified under?
Explain why your answer is correct.

72. Bellringer: Monday, March 24, 2014
Arthropods are joint-legged animals. Spiders, crabs, pill bugs,
centipedes, and millipedes are examples of the many types of
arthropods. Which of these arthropods are most closely related?
A. Arthropods of the same family
B. Arthropods of the same class
C. Arthropods of the same genus
D. Arthropods of the same species.
Use complete sentences to explain your answer.

73. The Kardashian Family Tree

74. Objective
•We will categorize organisms using
cladograms and phylogenetic trees

75. What is a cladogram
• Shows similarities among species

76. What is a phylogenetic tree
• Shows evolutionary relationships

77. Where would these phones be placed on the cladogram?

78. Product

79. Bellringer: Tuesday, March 25, 2014

80. Objective
•We will take the classification unit exam.

81. Product
Why do scientists use a common classification
system?