1. ASSIGNMENT ON GREEN
ECONOMY AND PROVERTY
ERADICATION
BY:
VAISHNAVI
SHANKAR
B.A LL.B
, FOURTH YEAR

2. GREEN ECONOMY : INTRODUCTION
• A green economy is one that results in improved human well-being
and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and
ecological scarcities -United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
(2010). A green economy is an economy or economic
development model based on sustainable development and a
knowledge of ecological economics.
• Its most distinguishing feature from prior economic regimes is direct
valuation of natural capital and ecological services as having
economics value and a full cost accounting regime in which costs
externalized onto society via ecosystems are reliably traced back
to, and accounted for as liabilities of, the entity that does the harm or
neglects an asset.

3. GREEN ECONOMISTS AND ECONOMICS
•
• "Green economics" is loosely defined as any theory of economics by which an economy
is considered to be component of the ecosystem in which it resides (after Lynn
Margulis). A holistic approach to the subject is typical, such that economic ideas are
commingled with any number of other subjects, depending on the particular theorist.
Proponents of feminism, postmodernism, the ecology movement, peace
movement, Green politics, green anarchism and anti-globalization movement have used
the term to describe very different ideas, all external to some equally ill-defined
"mainstream"economics.
• The use of the term is further ambiguated by the political distinction of Green
parties which are formally organized and claim the capital-G "Green" term as a unique
and distinguishing mark. It is thus preferable to refer to a loose school of "'green
economists"' who generally advocate shifts towards a green economy, biomimicry and a
fuller accounting for biodiversity

4. DEFINITION OF GREEN ECONOMY
• Renewable energy (solar, wind, geothermal, marine including wave, biogas, and fuel
cell)
• Green buildings (green retrofits for energy and water efficiency, residential and
commercial assessment; green products and materials, and LEED construction)
• Clean transportation (alternative fuels, public transit, hybrid and electric
vehicles, carsharing and carpooling programs)
• Water management (Water reclamation, greywater and rainwater systems, low-water
landscaping, water purification, stormwater management)
• Waste management (recycling, municipal solid waste salvage, brownfield
land remediation, Superfund cleanup, sustainable packaging)
• Land management (organic agriculture, habitat conservation and restoration; urban
forestry and parks, reforestation and afforestation and soil stabilization)

6. CRITIQUE OF THE GREEN ECONOMY
A number of organisations have critiqued aspects of the 'Green
Economy', particularly the mainstream conceptions of it based on
using price mechanisms to protect nature, arguing that this will
extend corporate control into new areas from forestry to water. The
research organisation, Etcgroup, argues that the corporate
emphasis on bio-economy "will spur even greater convergence of
corporate power and unleash the most massive resource grab in
more than 500 years." Venezuelan professor Edgardo Lander says
that the UNEP's report, Towards a Green Economy, while well-
intentioned "ignores the fact that the capacity of existing political
systems to establish regulations and restrictions to the free
operation of the markets – even when a large majority of the
population call for them – is seriously limited by the political and
financial power of the corporations."

7. POVERY – POVERT ERADICATION
• Poverty is the state of human beings who are poor. That is, they have
little or no material means of surviving—little or no food, shelter,
clothes, healthcare, education, and other physical means of living and
improving one's life. Some definitions of poverty, are relative, rather
than absolute, poverty reduction would not be considered to apply to
measures which resulted in absolute decreases in living standards,
but tecnhnically lifted people out of poverty.
• Poverty reduction measures are those that raise, or are intended to
raise, the material level of living. Of course, some people
undertake voluntary poverty due to religious or philosophical beliefs.
For example, Christian monks and nuns take a "vow of poverty" by
which they renounce luxury. Poverty reduction measures have no role
in regard to voluntary poverty.

9. CAPITAL , INFRASTRUCTURE AND
TECHNOLOGY
• Long run economic growth per person is achieved through increases in
capital (factors that increase productivity), both human and
physical, and technology.Improving human capital, in the form of
health, is needed for economic growth. Nations do not necessarily
need wealth to gain health. For example, Sri Lankahad a maternal
mortality rate of 2% in the 1930s, higher than any nation today. It
reduced it to .5-.6% in the 1950s and to 0.6% today. However, it was
spending less each year on maternal health because it learned what
worked and what did not. Knowledge on the cost effectiveness of
healthcare interventions can be elusive but educational measures to
disseminate what works are available, such as the disease control
priorities project. Promoting hand washing is one of the most cost
effective health intervention and can cut deaths from the major
childhood diseases of diarrhea and pneumonia by half.

10. CONTINUED………
• Human capital, in the form of education, is an even more important
determinant of economic growth than physical
capital. Deworming children costs about 50 cents per child per year
and reduces non-attendance from anemia, illness and malnutrition and
is only a twenty-fifth as expensive to increase school attendance as by
constructing schools.
• UN economists argue that good infrastructure, such as roads and
information networks, helps market reforms to work. .China claims it is
investing in railways, roads, ports and rural telephones in African
countries as part of its formula for economic development. It was the
technology of the steam engine that originally began the dramatic
decreases in poverty levels. Cell phone technology brings the market
to poor or rural sections. With necessary information, remote farmers
can produce specific crops to sell to the buyers that brings the best
price.

11. EMPLOYMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY
Economic growth has the indirect potential to alleviate poverty, as a result
of a simultaneous increase in employment opportunities and
increase labour productivity. A study by researchers at theOverseas
Development Institute (ODI) of 24 countries that experienced growth
found that in 18 cases, poverty was alleviated. However, employment
is no guarantee of escaping poverty, theInternational Labour
Organisation (ILO) estimates that as many as 40% of workers as
poor, not earning enough to keep their families above the $2 a day
poverty line. For instance, in India most of the chronically poor are
wage earners in formal employment, because their jobs are insecure
and low paid and offer no chance to accumulate wealth to avoid risks.

12. • Increases in employment without increases in productivity leads to a
rise in the number of "working poor", which is why some experts are
now promoting the creation of "quality" and not "quantity" in labour
market policies. This approach does highlight how higher productivity
has helped reduce poverty in East Asia, but the negative impact is
beginning to show. In Viet Nam, for example, employment growth has
slowed while productivity growth has
continued. Furthermore, productivity increases do not always lead to
increased wages, as can be seen in the US, where the gap between
productivity and wages has been rising since the 1980s. The ODI
study showed that other sectors were just as important in reducing
unemployment, as manufacturing. The services sector is most
effective at translating productivity growth into employment growth.
Agriculture provides a safety net for jobs and economic buffer when
other sectors are struggling. This study suggests a more nuanced
understanding of economic growth and quality of life and poverty
alleviation.

14. GROWTH VS. STATE INTERVENTION:
COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE IN CHINA , INDIA
, BAZIL
• A 2011 World Bank research article, ―A Comparative Perspective on Poverty
Reduction in Brazil, China, and India,‖ looked at the three nations’ strategies
and their relative challenges and successes. During their reform periods, all
three have reduced their poverty rates, but through a different mix of
approaches. The report used a common poverty line of $1.25 per person, per
day, at purchasing parity power for consumption in 2005. Using that metric and
evaluating the period between 1981 and 2005, the poverty rate in China
dropped from 84% to 16%; India from 60% to 42%; and Brazil from 17% to 8%.
The report sketches an overall scorecard of the countries on the two basic
dimensions of pro-poor growth and pro-poor policy intervention: ―China clearly
scores well on the pro-poor growth side of the card, but neither Brazil nor India
do; in Brazil’s case for lack of growth and in India’s case for lack of poverty-
reducing growth. Brazil scores well on the social policies side, but China and
India do not; in China’s case progress has been slow in implementing new
social policies more relevant to the new market economy (despite historical
advantages in this area, inherited from the past regime) and in India’s case the
bigger problems are the extent of capture of the many existing policies

15. CONTINUED……….
• non-poor groups and the weak capabilities
of the state for delivering better basic public
services.

16. CONCLUSION
• Globally Asia is leading the way out of recession. The region's three
largest countries—the People's Republic of China, India, and
Indonesia—have remained buoyant throughout the downturn due in
great part to domestic demand. In export-oriented economies, like
Taipei,China; Thailand; and Malaysia, which were worst hit by the
recession, the governments are promoting new domestically focused
service industries. Yet questions remain about whether there has been
enough change to set the recovery on a truly environment-friendly and
pro-poor course.

17. CONCLUSION
• At the same time, the crisis provides both an opportunity and an
incentive to improve efficiency in the use of energy and eco-friendly
materials, and to develop new green industries and business that can
benefit both the poor and the environment. Over the longer
term, moving toward a low-carbon green economy can also help to
reduce poverty, increase energy security, and reduce vulnerability due
to climate change. New public and private sector investments will be
needed to deal effectively with many of the most pressing
environmental challenges

18. THANK YOU