2. PERFORMANCE OF
OTHER STUDENTS
PRESETTING THE DISTRIBUTION
OF LETTER GRADES
E X A M P L E : ( G R A D I N G O N T H E C U R V E )
A TO TO P 1 5 % O F S T U D E N T S
B TO T H E N E X T 2 5 % A N D S O O N
3. 3 CONCERNS
A S S O C I AT E D W I T H B A S I N G
S T A N D A R D S O N T H E P E R F O R M A N C E
O F O T H E R S T U D E N T S
4. 1 . S T A N D A R D S M A Y V A R Y D E P E N D I N G O N
W H I C H S T U D E N T S A R E E N R O L L E D I N T H E
C L A S S
5. 2 . T H E P E R F O R M A N C E O F O T H E R
S T U D E N T S P R O V I D E S A V A G U E A N D
O F T E N H A R D - T O - D E F E N D
P E R F O R M A N C E S T A N D A R D
6. 3 . U S I N G T H E P E R F O R M A N C E O F
O T H E R S A S A R E F E R E N C E E N C O U R A G E S
C O M P E T I T I V E R A T H E R T H A N
C O O P E R A T I V E L E A R N I N G
8. A S S I G N I N G G R A D E S B A S E D O N
P R E D E F I N E D L E V E L S O F P E R F O R M A N C E
E A C H G R A D E W I T H A F I X E D
P E R F O R M A N C E R E G A R D L E S S O F T H E
D I S T R I B U T I O N O F G R A D E S U LT I M A T E L Y
A S S I G N E D I N T H E C L A S S
9. 1 S T A P P R O A C H :
A S S O C I A T I N G P E R C E N T A G E W I T H
G R A D E S
10. 2 N D A P P R O A C H
A S S O C I A T I N G A D J E C T I V E S W I T H E A C H
L E T T E R G R A D E F O R P E R F O R M A N C E
S T A N D A R D
11. 3 R D A P P R O A C H :
D E S C R I B I N G T H E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S
O F S T U D E N T S A S S O C I A T E D W I T H A
S C O R I N G R U B R I C
12. LETTER GRADES ASSIGNED USING
PRESET STANDARDS WILL
COMMUNICATE STUDENT PERFORMANCE
TO PARENTS AND OTHERS ONLY IF THESE
PRESET STANDARDS ARE MEANINGFULLY
COMMUNICATED