1. ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
2006-2002
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫)ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،(2 ‫ﻭ‬ 1 ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺰﺓ‬ ‫)ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻔﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻼ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ●
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ (‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻧﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬
،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﺛﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻋﺒﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ .‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺇﺗﻘﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻬﺬﺍ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺟﺰﺋﻴ‬ “‫”ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ●
‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‬ .“‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫”ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ “‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ‬ ‫”ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫—ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ (1 ‫)ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ “‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴ‬ ‫”ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺒﻘ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬
(GW•MATE Core Group) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻮﻥ‬
Albert Tuinhof1 Stephen Foster1 Karin Kemper2 Héctor Garduño Marcella Nanni
(1lead author 2main supporting author)
“‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ – ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ – ‫ﻏﺪﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎﻝ‬ /‫ﺩ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻲ‬ ‫”ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬
1
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ :1 ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬
Sustainable Groundwater Management:
Concepts and Tools
‫ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬9 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
(‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻄﺎﺕ‬ ‫)ﻣﻦ‬
(‫ﺍﻷﺭﺷﻴﻒ‬ ‫)ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬
•‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬
•‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬
•‫)ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬
(‫ﺍﻵﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
•‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺌﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺿﺦ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬
•‫)ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺌﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬
(‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
•‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺌﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ‬
•‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺌﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬
•‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
•‫ﻭﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺗﻬﺎﻭﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬
•‫ﻟﻠﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
•‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬
•‫ﺃﺭﺻﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬
•‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬
•‫ﻣﻨﺎﺧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
•‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
•‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺍﺋﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻧﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
(GWPAP) ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ‬

2. ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ .‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺘﻤ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ،‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺒﻘ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ●
‫ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬ .‫ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺸﺎﺭ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺰﺍﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﺷﻒ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‬ .(‫)ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬ ●
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ — ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻨﻮﻋﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ (‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺨﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫)ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻊ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺌﺮ‬
،‫ﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬
،‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺒﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬
.(1 ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺯﻣﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻄﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ .(‫)ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬ ●
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬ — ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻱ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺄﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺼﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ‬
(‫)ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ (‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫)ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻠﺐ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
، ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ /‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻖ‬
(‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻭﻣﺘﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫)ﺃﻋﺸﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻭﻣﺘﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺸﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ .(‫ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫)ﻋﻨﺎﻗﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ (1‫)ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻗﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻭﻣﺘﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﺼﺎﻓﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﻏﻼﻕ‬
2
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳉﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺿﺦ‬
(‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫)ﺣﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺿﺦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺴﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫)ﻣﺰﻳﺞ‬
(‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺘﻮﻧﻴﺖ‬
(‫)ﻏﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺤﺒﺐ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺇﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺪﺍﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺴﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫)ﻣﺰﻳﺞ‬
(‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺘﻮﻧﻴﺖ‬
PVC ‫ﻏﻼﻑ‬
(‫)ﻏﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺤﺒﺐ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺌﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻔﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻳﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺪﺍﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻮﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺰﻭﻣﺘﺮﺍﺕ‬ (‫)ﺃ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ :1‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﺌﺮ‬ (‫)ﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ (‫ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻕ‬ ‫)ﻋﻠﻲ‬
(a)
(GWPAP) ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ‬

3. 3
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺼﻤﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ●
،(2 ‫)ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ (‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫)ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﻨﻒ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ‬
:‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺘﺸﻒ‬ ●
(‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫)ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
.(‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫)ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬ ●
‫ﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺒﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬ :2 ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ؟‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬
:‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ‬ ●
‫ﻟﻠﻘﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﻒﺀ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺆﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺠﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ — ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺪﻑ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ●
‫ﻭﻟﻠﻤﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺟﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ —‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺨﺰﻥ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ●
.“‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫”ﻓﻘﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ ‫)ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬ — ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬ ●
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫،ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫)ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ‬ (‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻣﺪﺍﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻵﻻﺕ‬ ‫)ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ‬ ،(‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻊ‬ .‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻀﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﺓ‬ .(‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ،‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺘﻔﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻤﻼ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻫﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺑﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬
•‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬
•‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
(‫ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫)ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ / ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻛﺰ‬ / ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬
:‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺿﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬
•‫ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
•‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺎﺑﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻭﺱ‬ /‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻝ‬
•‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻫﺒﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬
•‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬‫ﺿﺪ‬‫ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬
•‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬
(‫ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫)ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺤﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
:‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺬﺍﺭ‬
•‫ﻟﻸﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬
•‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬
•‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬
•‫ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺼﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬
•‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺟﺮ‬
(‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ‬ ‫)ﺍﺣﺘﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬
(GWPAP) ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ‬

4. 4
‫ﻭﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ●
:‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ،(3 ‫)ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬ ●
‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺪﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻄﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ●
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻔﺾ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ●
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻠﺔ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ‬ ●
.‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻛﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺞ‬i ●
‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻓﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ •
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬ •
‫ﻟﻸﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺒﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ •
‫ﻣﻼﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺤﺐ‬ (‫)ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ •
‫ﻟﻸﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬ •
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻫﺰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ •
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ •
‫ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻔﺤﺺ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ •
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻔﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ •
‫ﺩﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻭﻳ‬ ‫ﻘﻴﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ •
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ :3 ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻟﺖ‬ (UN-ECE) 2000) ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫)ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ●
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﻓﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
:‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻠﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ .(4 ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺰﺓ‬ ‫)ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ — ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺔ‬ / ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬ ●
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ—ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻱ/ﻟﻠﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ/ﻟﻠﺤﻮﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ‬ ●
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺮ—ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺎﺕ‬ / ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻬﺪﻱ‬ ●
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻘﺎﺱ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ—ﺳﺠﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺮﺟﻲ‬ ●
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ —‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺮﺟﻲ‬ ●
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ — ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻮﺛﻲ‬ ●
‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬ (‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫)ﻣﺘﻀﻤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ●
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﻘﺔ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬ ،‫ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ،‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬ .‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺿﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺻﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺷﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ (1‫)ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬
(GWPAP) ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ‬

5. 5
‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻳﺠﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫)ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺆﺩﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺎﺋﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ .(‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ (‫)ﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻭﺿﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ،‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬ (‫)ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ●
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻮﺀ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻼﺣﻆ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺼﻤﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬ .‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺤﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬ ،(‫)ﺿﺦ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻢ‬ ●
‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ (‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺭﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﺼﺪﺭ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬ .‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎﺭﻳﻮﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺎﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
:‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻬﻤ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ●
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎﺭﻳﻮﻫﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﻵﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ (‫ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺷﻴﻒ‬ ‫)ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ●
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺻﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‬ ●
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ‬ ،‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ●
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ (‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫)ﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ●
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺑﻘﺎﺋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ (‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫)ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺠﺮﻱ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺴﺠﻞ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬ ،‫ﺩﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬
(GWPAP) ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ‬

6. 6
:‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ●
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ — ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ●
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺮﻭﺑﺔ‬ (‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ‬ ‫)ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ —‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ●
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ — ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎﺕ‬ ●
.‫ﻓﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻮﺍﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺤﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺬﺑﺬﺑﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻄﻲ‬ .(2 ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺁﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﻭﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ (‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫)ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬ ●
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺨﺰﻥ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﺐ‬ (‫)ﻏﺎﻃﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺴﺎﺕ‬
.‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻜﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺳﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﹼ‬‫ﻣﺴﺠ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،(2 ‫)ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ●
‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻵﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ‬ .‫ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻮﻅ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﻗﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺮﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻤﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺒﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻠﺢ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺨﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻔﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺆﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻻﻧﺤﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻀﺎﺭﻳﺲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺨﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬
:‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻌﻄﻲ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬ 16 ‫ﻞ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻮﺡ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭ‬ ،(LandSat ‫)ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ •
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﺮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺿﻮﺡ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﹸ‬‫ﻥ‬‫ﹸﻮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻌﻄﻲ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺻﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ •
.‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻦ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ،‫ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺺ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺨﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ،‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ .‫ﻗﺎﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻄﺎﺀ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻮﺳﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
(GWPAP) ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬

7. 7
‫ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻳﺔ‬ ،(‫ﻟﻮﺟﺴﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫)ﺩﻋﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻣﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ●
‫ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺺ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ .‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻮﻳﺾ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬ ،‫ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬ ●
‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ .‫ﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻫﻠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ،(‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫)ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺪﺍﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻄﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ‬
.‫ﺣﻴﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬ (‫)ﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ؟‬ (‫)ﻟﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺴﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬ ●
‫ﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺗﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ،(‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫)ﺭﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻄﺎﻳﺮﺓ‬
.(4 ‫)ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬ :4 ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻳﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬
Cl, SO4, F, Na, K
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ‬
,Fe, Mn, As, Cu
.Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, etc
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
(NO3, NH4 (NO2
‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬
TC, FC, FS
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻧﺎﺕ‬
pH, HCO3, Ca, Mg
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
pE(EH), DO, T
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ‬
TOC, VOC, HC,
.ClHC, etc
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
(μm 0.45) ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺢ‬ •
‫ﺗﺤﻤﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ •
(μm 0.45) ‫ﻐﻠﻖ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺢ‬ •
(pH<2) ‫ﺇﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺾ‬ •
/ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺵ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻨﺐ‬ •
‫ﻋﻠﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻍ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
(μm 0.45) ‫ﻐﻠﻖ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺢ‬ •
‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻭﻁ‬ •
‫ﻣﺮﺷﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬ •
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬ •
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺷﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬ •
pH, HCO3) (Ca/) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ •
‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ Mg
(‫ﻣﺤﻤﻀﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ •
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻨﺐ‬ •
‫ﻣﺮﺷﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ •
‫ﻣﺮﺷﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬ •
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻨﺐ‬ •
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫)ﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬ •
(‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺍﻃﻴﺶ‬
‫ﻔﻀﻠﺔ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻌﺘﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺯﺟﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻔﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻌﺘﻢ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺯﺟﺎﺝ‬
/ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
C04/ ‫ﹺ‬‫ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬ 7
‫ﻳﻮﻣﺎ‬ 150
C04/‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬
C04/‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ 6
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻡ‬ 150
‫ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬ 6
‫ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬ 7 ‫ﺇﻟﻲ‬ 1 ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﺩ‬ ‫)ﻏﻴﺮ‬
(‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺍﻃﻴﺶ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ /‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬ / ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬ / ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ / ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬
(GWPAP) ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ‬

8. 8
‫؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺂﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻹﻣﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻨﺎﺑﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻭﺱ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ (‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫)ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬ ●
‫ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻷﺧﺬ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺟﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻭﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬ (‫)ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻯ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺮﺍﻗﺐ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ‬ “‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫”ﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ .‫ﻫﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺤﻮﺻﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺩﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬‫ﻈﻬﺮ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺫﺍﺗﻬﺎ‬‫ﺣﺪ‬‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬/‫ﻭ‬(‫)ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬‫ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ — ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ●
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺮﺩﻳﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻌﺮﻑ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻬﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺮﺽ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ .‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺭﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺒﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻫﻆ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ .(1 ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺦ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻛﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ‬‫ﹶ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺒﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺤﺴﻨﺔ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺬﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺬﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ●
‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺬﺍ‬ .‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻬﺪﺩ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬ ،(2 ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ (‫)ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺯﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﻥ‬ ‫ﻷﺣﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺰﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺇﺗﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻅ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬
.(3 ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﺌﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺨﻮﺥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﺘﺒﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ 30-35
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺾ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻄﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺘﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺿﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺨﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬
1 ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ 2 ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ 3 ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ 4 ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ 5 ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻣﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺌﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻒ‬ :2 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
(GWPAP) ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ‬

9. ‫ﺃﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻣﺰﺝ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺏ‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺀ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺀ‬
9
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺜﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ●
‫ﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻭﻣ‬ ‫ﺼﻤﻤﺔ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻷﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺰﻭﻣﺘﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺮﻛﺰ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ‬
:‫ﻟﻸﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ (4 ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺩﺧﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺬﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ‬ ●
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺑﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻹﻣﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺬﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬ ●
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻼﺣﻆ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﺐ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ :3 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻄﻔﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻔﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺴﻜﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺫﻭﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻣﺘﺰﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺬﻳﺐ‬‫ﹸ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻬﺮﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺫﻭﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ “‫ﻛﻼﺳﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫”ﻭﺗﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺝ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ :4 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺿﺦ‬ ‫ﺑﺌﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺌﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺌﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺠﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ (‫)ﺃ‬‫ﺩﻓﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ (‫)ﺏ‬
(GWPAP) ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ‬

10. 10
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
- ASTM 1994. Standard Practice for Design and Installation of Ground Water Monitoring Wells in
Aquifers. American Society for Testing and Material Standards. Philadelphia, USA.
- UN-ECE Task Force on Groundwater Monitoring & Assessment. 2000. Guidelines on Monitoring
and Assessment of-Transboundary Groundwater. RIZA Publication. Lelystad, The Netherlands.
- Foster, S. and Gomes, D. 1989. Groundwater Quality Monitoring—An Appraisal of Practices and Costs.
WHO-PAHO-CEPIS Publication, Lima, Peru.
- Foster, S., Hirata, R., Gomes, D., D’Elia, M. and Paris, M. 2002. Groundwater Quality Protection:
A Guide for Water Utilities, Municipal Authorities and Environment Agencies. World Bank Publication.
Washington, D.C., USA.
- Meijerink, A. 2000. Groundwater. Remote Sensing in Hydrology & Water Management 27 (eds.
Schultz, G. A. and Engman, E. T.). Springer Verlag. New York, USA.
- Nielsen, D. 1991. Practical Handbook of Groundwater Monitoring. Lewis Publishers. Chelsea,
Michigan, USA.
‫ﻣﺒﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ●
.‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ●
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬
.‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ — ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
(GWPAP) ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ‬ – ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺷﻨﻄﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻘﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺪﺭ‬ (GW•MATE) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ (www.worldbank.org/gwmate) ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
.(www.gwpforum.org) ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻟﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﺒﺮ‬
.‫ﻳﻤﺜﻠﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻧﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﺩﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ،(BNWPP) ‫ﻭﻫﻮﻟﻨﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ‬
.‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻮﻟﻨﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻴﺤﻬﻤﺎ‬