1. The Progressives, 1898–1920
Topic 4 Theodore Roosevelt—
Progressive Presidents
Write 1. LESSON OBJECTIVE : I C A N
E X P L A I N T H E G OA L S A N D O U TCO M ES O F
T H E P RO G R ES S I V E P R ES I D E N T
T H EO D O R E RO O S E V E LT CO N C E R N I N G
B U S I N ES S R EG U L AT I O N A N D A N T I T R U ST
L EG I S L AT I O N
.

2. Read
What was Theodore Roosevelt’s view
of the role of the president?
How did Roosevelt attempt to regulate
big business?
What was Roosevelt’s philosophy
about conserving the environment,
and how did he carry out his
philosophy?

3. •At 42, the
Read youngest
President ever.
•A man of
privilege –
supports the
common man.
•The first
―modern
president.‖

4. ROOSEVELT’S VIEW OF
THE PRESIDENCY

5. What was Theodore Roosevelt’s view of
the role of the president?
Taking Office
Bully pulpit
Read
 He saw the White
House as a bully
pulpit a powerful
platform
 Presidents
publicize
important issues
and seek
support for his
policies.

6. Do Presidents Still Use the Bully Pulpit?
Read
The Washington Post
The news today that
President Obama will hold
a prime-time press conference
Wednesday came just minutes
after he finished an
impromptu address on health
care -- the two latest pieces of
evidence that the White
House will lean heavily on the
chief executive's personal
popularity and magnetism to
get a health care bill to his
desk.

7. What was the reason for the 1902 coal strike?
The coal strike of 1902
Miners
wanted
higher
wages,
shorter
hours, &
recognition
of union.
Read

8. 2. Discuss Roosevelt’s strategy to settle the
coal strike.
Write
The coal strike of 1902
 He urged arbitration (two




opposing sides agree to
allow a third party to
settle a dispute);
workers agreed to accept
arbitration,
mine owners refused.
As winter drew nearer,
Roosevelt threatened to
take over the mines.
threat finally convinced the
mine owners to agree to
his arbitration plan.

9. Write
3. Define: Square Deal
Theodore Roosevelt's 1904 campaign slogan;
expressed his belief that the needs of workers,
business, and consumers should be balanced, and
called for limiting the power of trusts, promoting
public health and safety, and improving working
conditions

10. 4. In what way did the coal strike agreement
represent a ―Square Deal‖?
Taking office
The coal strike of 1902
Write
 Both labor and
business gained
some and lost some
of the things they
wanted, but consumers
benefited.
 They gave the workers a
shorter workday and
higher pay
 but did not require the
mining companies to
recognize the union.

11. How is the ―Square Deal‖ fair to everyone?
Read
It is the belief that needs of
workers, business, &
consumers should be
balanced.

12. REGULATING BIG
BUSINESS

13. Trust-busting
5. What is trustbusting?
breaking up
monopolies &
trusts—big
monopoly
companies
must now be
broken into
multiple
smaller
companies.
Write

14. What does the political cartoon imply that trusts
can do to the United States (Lady Liberty)?
Read
Monopolies can endanger
democracy.

15. Roosevelt’s policy:
Read
Bust trusts that do not
serve the public interest.

16. 6. Explain President Roosevelt’s view of
trusts.
Write
Trusts are not
necessarily bad.
Good trusts, those
that serve the
public interest,
should be allowed
to exist.

17. How does this political portray Teddy Roosevelt?

18. How does this political portray Teddy Roosevelt?

19. Regulating the railroads
a. Elkins Act
b. Hepburn Act
7. Name and explain the two acts
that regulated shipping rates within
the railroad industry?
 The Elkins Act and the
Write
Hepburn Act
 Elkins Act prohibited
railroads from accepting
rebates--ensured that all
customers paid the same
rates
 Hepburn Act strengthened
(ICC), giving it the power
to set maximum
railroad rates. --also gave
the ICC the power to
regulate other companies
that were engaged in
interstate commerce.

20. What caused improvements within meatpacking and drug industries?
Protecting consumers
Upton Sinclair
Read
 Muckraker’s
exposure of abuses.
 Example: The
novel, The Jungle,
led to reports
from Secretary
of Agriculture
helped cause
improvements.

21. Record major legislation regulating business
during Roosevelt’s presidency.
Read
LAW
PURPOSE
Elkins Act
prohibited railroads
from accepting
rebates
Hepburn Act
authorized ICC to set
maximum railroad
rates
Meat Inspection Act
required federal
inspection of meat
shipped across state
line
Pure Food and Drug
Act
forbade
manufacture, sale, or
transportation of
food and patent
medicine containing
harmful ingredients
 Some food producers
resorted to clever tricks
to pass off tainted foods:
 Poultry sellers added
formaldehyde, a chemical
used in embalming dead
bodies, to old eggs to hide
their foul odor.
 Unwary consumers
bought the tainted food
and were tricked into
thinking it was healthy.

22. Record major legislation regulating business
during Roosevelt’s presidency.
LAW
PURPOSE
Elkins Act
prohibited railroads
from accepting
rebates
Hepburn Act
authorized ICC to set
maximum railroad
rates
Meat Inspection Act
forbade
manufacture, sale, or
transportation of
food and patent
medicine containing
harmful ingredients
 Ink
required federal
inspection of meat
shipped across state
line
Pure Food and Drug
Act
 Think
 share

23. How did Roosevelt attempt to regulate big
business?
Read
 He regulated big
business through:
 legislation,
 trust-busting,
 railroad
regulations,
 Meat Inspection
 Pure Food and
Drug Acts.

24. ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSERVATION
OBJECTIVE: I WILL EXPLAIN
HOW PERCEPTIONS OF
WILDERNESS IN THE UNITED
STATES HAVE CHANGED OVER
TIME.

25. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
8. What did the 1890 U.S.
Census lead some people to
conclude ?
That there was no longer
a frontier line in the
West.

26. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
 Roosevelt
Read
 Early in the 20th
century, advocated the
conservation of the
nation’s natural
resources.

27. 9. Define: Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902
 Allowed the Fed. Govt.
to create irrigation
projects to make dry
lands productive.
 This Act aims to
provide financial
backing to farmers who
are unable to carry out
their irrigation due to
financial constraints.

28. 10. What was Roosevelt’s
philosophy about
conserving the
environment?
 Before Roosevelt’s
presidency, Business
needs had always
taken priority over
the environment. But
Roosevelt recognized
that natural
resources were
limited, and he
believed their use
needed to be
controlled.

29. 11. How did Roosevelt carry out his philosophy?
Roosevelt established U.S.
Forest Service. The Forest
Service created national
monuments, and national
parks.
Teddy Roosevelt and John Muir in
Yosemite in 1903

30. What were John Muir’s ideas about conservation of
Yosemite?
Read
 Muir wanted all of
Yosemite preserved
and protected in its
natural state.

31. 12. Describe the environmental problems
facing the nation in the late 1800s.
Write
Some of the problems
included
deforestation (cutting
of trees-destroying
forests); over grazing
of cattle, water
pollution.

32. Gifford Pinchot
 Roosevelt established
Forest Service with
Pinchot as its chief.
 Added nearly 150 million
acres to the national
forests,
 controlled their use, and
regulated their harvest.

The Antiquities Act of
1906 led to the creation
of 18 national
monuments
Read
Gifford Pinchot Seated And
Writing At A Desk

33. FEDERAL CONSERVATION LANDS IN THE
WEST, 1908

34. First President to take actions
toward conservation of the
environment

35. Progressivism under Taft

36. Write 13. Define: Sixteenth Amendment
(1913) law that allowed
Congress to levy taxes
based on an individual's
income
The Taft administration
also is credited with
passage of the Sixteenth
Amendment.
Introduced during the Taft
years but ratified in 1913
after Taft left office

37. Wilson’s New Freedom
THE NEW FREEDOM PLATFORM CALLED FOR
TARIFF REDUCTIONS, BANKING REFORM,
AND STRONGER ANTITRUST LEGISLATION—
CAUSES DEAR TO THE HEARTS OF
PROGRESSIVES.

38. Tariff reduction
This law reduced tariffs to
their lowest levels in more
than 50 years.
Tariff reduction meant
that the government had
less income, however. How
would the nation make up
the shortfall?

39. Tariff reduction
The answer was an income
tax. The Underwood
Tariff Act also
introduced a graduated
income tax, which would
assess people at different
rates according to their
income levels. Wealthier
people would pay more;
poorer people would pay
less.

40. 14. Define: Federal Reserve Act
(1913) law that created a
central fund from which
banks could borrow to
prevent collapse during a
financial panic.
The Federal Reserve Act
was passed to control the
nation’s money supply and
regulate the banking
system.

41. Stronger antitrust laws:
15. Define: Clayton Antitrust Act
(1914) law that prohibited
companies from buying the
stock of competing
companies in order to form
a monopoly, forbade
companies from selling
goods below cost with the
goal of driving their
competitors out of business
and made strikes, boycotts,
and peaceful picketing
legal for the first time.