Introduction Lecture explain the basic terms in Periodontology and the classification of periodontal disease

1. Introduction to Periodontics Prof Dr .EmanAbd El SattarTella Umm Al-Qura University Faculty of Dentistry

2. Periodontics Difinition: That branch of dentistry that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disease and conditions of supporting and surrounding tissues of the teeth.

3. Periodontology: The scientific study of the periodontium in health and disease Periodontist: Dental practitioner who by virtue of special knowledge and training in the field limits his practice or activities to periodontics. Periodontitis: Inflammation of the supporting tissue of the teeth ientificstudyof

4. peri ………..around odous ……….. tooth logous ………. Study itis …… inflammation

5. Periodontium The tissues that invest and support the teeth including the: Gingiva / Alveolar Mucosa Periodontal Ligament Alveolar Bone Cementum.

6. PERIODONTIUM Pulpcavity Enamel Cementum Dentin Gingiva PDL Alveolarbone Cementum Sharpey'sfibers Periodontal ligament Attachment organ Rootcanal Alveolarbone Apicalforamen Alveolarvessels &nerves

8. Gingiva:keratinized epithelium, which immediately surrounds a tooth and is contiguous with a periodontal ligament and with the mucosal tissues of the mouth

9. Gingiva Marginal / Free Gingiva Attached Gingiva InterdentalGingiva

10. Gingiva • Contour (marginal gingiva) Follows a scalloped outline on facial and lingual surfaces

11. Normal Periodontium Width of Keratinized gingiva (distance from gingival margin to mucogingival junction) Varies Individually

12. Gingiva Interdental areas occupies interproximal space Beneath tooth contact areas. shape depends on contact points between adjoining teeth. may take a pyramidal (tip of one papilla is located immediately beneath the contact point) shape; or “col” shape( a vally like depression that connect the facial and lingual papilla)

13. Gingival sulcus (crevice): Shallow fissure (space) between the marginal gingiva and the enamel or cementum. The clinical normal gingival sulcus in human is 2 to 3 mm, can be determined clinically with a periodontal probe (probing depth).

14. Periodontal ligament (PDL): The CT that surrounds and attaches roots of teeth to the alveolar bone. It consists of bundles of collagen fibers arranged into a network referred as principle fibers.

16. Formative function

17. Nutritive function

19. Two main Types: • acellualr (primary). • cellular (secondary

20. Alveolar bone:are the parts of the maxilla and mandible providing the housing for the roots of the teeth.

21. Alveolar bone: 1-alveolar bone proper (lamina dura in radiographs) 2-trabecular bone 3-compact bone

23. Resist and resolve the forces generated by mastication, speech and deglutition

24. Adjust for structural changes associated with wear and aging through continuous remodeling and regeneration

26. Classification of Periodontal Diseases I. Gingival Diseases. II. Chronic Periodontitis. III. Aggressive Periodontitis. IV. Periodontitis as a Manifestation of Systemic Diseases. V. Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases. VI. Abscesses of Periodontium. VII. Periodontitis Associated with Endodontic lesions. VIII. Development or Acquired deformities and Conditions

27. Classification of Periodontal Diseases. I. Gingivitis II. Chronic Periodontitis

28. Dental Plaque-Induced Gingival Diseases Plaque-Induced gingivitis: An inflammation of the gingiva resulting from dental plaque

29. Gingival DiseasesDental Plaque-Induced Gingival Diseases Marginal gingivitis: Involves the gingival margin and may include a portion of the contiguous attached gingiva.

30. Diffuse gingivitis: Affects the gingival margin, the attached gingiva and the interdental papillae

31. Clinical Features of gingivitis Erythema (redness) Edema(swelling) Absence of stippling Bleeding on probing or spontaneous.

34. Secondary/Predisposing Factors Dental Calculus: Mineralized dental plaque attached and covering the enamel and/or root surface.

35. CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS

36. Chronic Periodontitis Definition: An infectious disease resulting in inflammation within the supporting tissues of the teeth, progressive attachment and bone loss.

37. Chronic Periodontitis Characteristics: • Most prevalent in Adults, but can occur in children and adolescents. • Amount of destruction is consistent with the presence of local factors.

38. Chronic Periodontitis General Clinical Features: • supra & sub gingival plaque accumulation that is frequently associated with calculus formation. • gingival inflammation

39. General Clinical Features: • Periodontal pocket formation with variable depth. • Horizontal and/or vertical bone loss detected radiographically.

41. Eliminate gingival inflammation -Oral hygiene(plaque control) -Scaling and root planing -Local or systemic antimicrobials Aim of Periodontal Therapy

42. Plaque control 1.Tooth brush methods Roll method or modified Stillman technique. Charter and Bass technique. 2.Interdental cleaning aids Dental floss Interproximal brush Single tufted brush