fiction and type of ficiton

1. LITERARY GENRES
OVERVIEW OF
FICTION
Prepared by: Khurram Shahzad

2. FICTION DEFINED
• FICTION < A LATIN WORD MEAN-ING TO
FORM OR TO MAKE.

3. FICTION DEFINED (cont.)
• A FICTION IS A “MADE” STORY, AN
IMAGINED & INVENTED LITERARY
COMPOSITION DESIGNED TO ENTER-TAIN
(AND SOMETIMES INSTRUCT), TO MAKE
READERS FEEL AND THINK.

4. FICTION DEFINED (cont.)
• TODAY THE TERM “FICTION” IS USUALLY
APPLIED ONLY TO SHORT STORIES, NOVELS,
& NOVELLAS, BUT OTHER LITERARY FORMS
ALSO HAVE FICTIONAL ELEMENTS.

5. ANTIQUITYOF STORIES
• STORIES ARE AVERY ANCIENTHUMAN PRODUCT
,
PRECEDING THEINVENTIONOF WRITING, AND
THERE IS NO IDENTI-FIABLE “FIRST” STORYTELLER
OR WORK OF FICTION.

6. EARLY FORMS OF FICTION
• THE MODERN NOVEL&SHORT STORY WERE
PRECEDED BYMANYEARLIER FORMS OF FICTION,
SUCH AS MYTHS, LEGENDS, FABLES, FAIRYTALES,
PAR-ABLES, AND ALLEGORIES.

7. MYTHS
• TELL STORIES OF THE ORIGINS &
EXPLOITS OF GODS & GODDESSES FROM
VARIOUS ANCIENT CULTURES, SUCH AS
GREECE, ROME, & SCANDI-NAVIA.

8. In 1687 in Connecticut,
Kit Tyler, feeling out
of place in the Puritan
household of her aunt,
befriends an old
woman considered a
witch by the
community and
suddenly finds herself
standing trial for
witchcraft.

9. LEGENDS
• RECOUNT THEAMAZINGACHIEVE-MENTS OF
FICTIONAL CHARACTERS OR EXAGGERATE THE
EXPLOITS OF ACTUALPEOPLE (E.G., PAUL BUNYAN).

10. While her father is in
hiding after attempts on
his life, twelve-year-old
Cleopatra records in her
diary how she fears for
her own safety and hopes
to survive to become
Queen of Egypt some
day

11. FABLES
• USUALLYFEATURE ANIMALSWITHHUMANTRAITS &
STATE ANEXPLICIT LESSON (E.G., SLOW BUT
STEADY WINS THE RACE, APPEARANCES ARE
DECEP-TIVE, ONE GOOD TURNDESERVES
ANOTHER).

12. FABLES (cont.)
• THE BEST-KNOWN
FABLES WERE WRIT-
TEN B Y A GREEK SLAVE
NAMED AESOP (600
B.C.E.), AND INCLUDE
STORIES SUCH AS
ANDROCLES & THE
LION, THE TORTOISE &
THE HARE, AND THE
WOLF IN SHEEP’S
CLOTHING.

13. FAIRY TALES
• THIS FICTIONAL FORM OFTEN FEATURES
SUPERNATURAL BEINGS LIKE GIANTS, TROLLS,
& FAIRY GOD-MOTHERS.
• THEY ALSO FOCUS ON THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN
GOOD & EVIL, WITH GOOD ALWAYS
TRIUMPHING, THOUGH SOMETIMES IN
GROTESQUE, VIOLENT WAYS.

14. FAIRY TALES (cont.)
• THE BEST-KNOWN
COLLECTION OF THESE
STORIES IS GRIMMS’
FAIRY TALES, WHICH
INCLUDES CINDERELLA,
LITTLE RED RIDING
HOOD, HANSEL &
GRETEL, RAPUNZEL,
AND OTHER WELL-
KNOWN FAVORITES.

15. ALLEGORIES
• SYMBOLICSTORIES THATTEACHA MORAL
LESSON ANDINWHICHEACH CHARACTER,
ACTION, &SETTING STANDS FOR ASPECIFIC
MEANING.

16. ALLEGORIES (cont.)
• EX.: JOHN BUNYAN’S PILGRIM’S
PROGRESS (1678), IN WHICH A
CHARACTER NAMED CHRISTIAN,
WHO EMBODIES THE VIRTUES OF
CHRISTIANITY, JOURNEYS
THROUGH A WORLD OF
TEMPTATIONS & DANGERS (CITY
OF DESTRUCTION, VALLEY OF
HUMILIA-TION, ETC.) EN ROUTE
TO THE CELESTIAL CITY
(HEAVEN).

18. CHARACTER
The people or animals
that take part in the
story.
MAIN CHARACTER:
who the story is
mainly about
MINOR CHARACTER:
the less important
characters in the story

19. PROTAGONIST
The HERO of thestory
who is faced with a
conflict (usually the
main character).

20. ANTAGONIST
• Usually the villain
in the story (the
person, animal, or
creature who
creates conflict
for the main
character).

21. SETTING
• When and Where the action in the story
takes place.

22. P LOT
• The plot is the outline of events that
takes place in a story.

23. CONFLICT
A fight or difference in
opinion.
1. INTERNAL CONFLICT
• Takes place within a
character’s mind.
2. EXTERNAL CONFLICT
• The character struggles
with an outside force.

24. Climax
• Climax is the high point or most
emotional part of the plot.

25. Resolution
Resolution is the
conclusion of the
story.
The reader finds out
how the conflict has
been resolved and
what happens with the
characters.

26. WHAT IS THEME?????
The THEME is the idea
about life that is revealed
in the story

27. POINT OF VIEW
The vantage point from which a story is told.
1st person
• the writer uses first-person pronouns (I or me) to tell
the story.
3rd person
• narrator describes the events, but does not take part in
them.
3rd person omniscient
• the narrator knows everything; encompassing.

28. Foreshadowing
•
• A writers way of hinting at what will come in the
story.
A reader can make predictions based on the
information given.

29. Author’s Purpose
Authors have a purpose in mind when
writing: entertain, debate, analyze,
persuade, inform, etc.
They consider their audience when
deciding on a subject, purpose for writing,
and the tone and style in which to write.

30. Dialogue
• The words that
characters speak aloud
Tone
Showsthewriter’sattitudetowardhisorher
subject(humorous,serious,impatient,sad, etc.)

31. Symbolism
• Something concrete—such as a person,
place, or object—that signifies something
more than just itself, something abstract,
such as a concept or an idea.

32. REALISTIC FICTION
• A story that tells
about characters
and events that are
similar to people
and animals in real
life.

33. SCIENCE FICTION
• A story that is set
in the future and
is based on
scientific ideas.

34. HISTORICAL FICTION
•A story that is set in the past
and portrays people, places, and
events that did or could have
happened.
FANTASY
A story that is not realistic,
sometimes the characters have
magical or supernatural
powers.