Any of a group of potent hormone like substances that are produced in various mammalian tissues, are derived from arachidonic acid, and mediate a wide range of physiological functions, such as control of blood pressure, contraction of uterine, smooth muscle, and modulation of inflammation.

1. E. Udaya Rajitha
III B. Pharmacy
V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru.

2. CONTENTS :
 DEFINITION
 BIOSYNTHESIS
 CHEMISTRY
 TYPES
 ACTIONS & PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ROLS
 USAGE IN PREGNANCY
 SIDE EFFECTS
V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru.

3. Prostaglandins:
Any of a group of potent hormone like
substances that are produced in various
mammalian tissues, are derived from arachidonic
acid, and mediate a wide range of physiological
functions, such as control of blood pressure,
contraction of uterine, smooth muscle, and
modulation of inflammation.
V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru.

4. BIOSYNTHESIS:
PGD2
V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru.

5. CHEMISTRY:
Chemically prostaglandins may be considered
as to be derivatives of prostanoic acid.
Prostanoic acid
V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru.

6. General structure of prostaglandins:
V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru.

7. TYPES OF PROSTAGLANDINS:
Prostaglandin – D2
Prostaglandin – E2
V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru.

8. Prostaglandin – F2
Prostaglandin – G2
V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru.

9. Prostaglandin – I2
Prostaglandin – H2
V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru.

10. PG – F2 :
Acting on FP receptors
• Myometrial contraction
• Broncho constriction
• Vasodilatation
• Ocular inflammation
PG – I2 :
Acting on IP receptors
• Vasodilatation
• Inhibit platelet aggregation
• Broncho dilatation
• Hyperalgesic effect
V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru.
ACTIONS & PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ROLS OF PGS

11. PG – E2 :
 Acting on EP 1 receptors
• Broncho constriction
• GI tract smooth muscle contraction
 Acting on EP 2 receptors
• Broncho dilatation
• GI tract smooth muscle relaxation
• Vasodilatation
• Decrease gastric acid secretion
• Increase gastric mucus secretion
• Uterus contraction (when pregnant)
• GI tract smooth muscle contraction
 Acting on EP 3 receptors
V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru.

12. • It causes vasodilatation
• Inhibition of platelet aggregation
• Relaxation of GI & uterine muscles
PG – D2 :
Acting on DP receptors
PG – G2 & H2 :
• These are the vasoconstrictors but often produce
vasodilatation due to rapid conversion to other
prostaglandins
V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru.

13. PGE2 :
• Promotes cervical ripening
• Exogenous PGE2 is used as pessaries or gels in the
induction of labour.
Prostaglandins used in pregnancy :
V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru.

14. PGF2 :
• Increases intracellular calcium, which increases myometrial
contractility
• Majorly used due to less side effects
V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru.

15. PGI2 (Prostacyclin) :
• Inhibits uterine contractility (role unclear)
V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru.

16. • Asthma
• Fall in blood pressure
• Clotting time increases
PG – D2 :
PG – E2 :
• Watery diarrhoea
• Diuresis
• Rise the body temparature
• Pain
• Sedation
• No closure of ductus arteriosus
V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru.
SIDE EFFECTS:

17. PG – F2 :
• Contraction of uterus
• Dysmenorrhoea
• Asthma
PG – I2 :
• Diuretic effect
• Fever
• Algesia
• Inflammation
• Clotting time increases
V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru.

18. V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru.
CONCLUSION

19. V. V. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gudlavalleru.
REFERENCES
• Biochemistry by u. satyanarayana & u. chakrapani
Chapter no: 32 (prostaglandins and related compounds);
page no: 645, 647,646,644.
• Essentials of medical pharmacology by KD. Tripathi
Chapter no: 13 (Prostaglandins , leukotrienes &
platelet activating factor);
Page no : 181,182,183,184,186,187,188,193.

20. THANK YOU