Antimalarial drugs are used for the treatment and prevention of malaria infection.

1. ANTI MALARIALS
E. Udaya Rajitha
IV B. Pharmacy

2. CONTENTS :
 LIFE CYCLE
 SYMPTOMS
 CLASSIFICATION
 USES
 ADVERSE EFFECTS
 DRUGS UNDER CLINICAL TRAILS

3. ANTI MALARIALS :
Antimalarial drugs are used for the treatment
and prevention of malaria infection.
Malaria is caused by four species of the
Plasmodium genus they are:
P. falciparum
P. vivax
P. ovale
P. malariae

4. LIFE CYCLE OF PLASMODIUM:
Most antimalarial drugs target the erythrocytic stage of malaria infection,
which is the phase of infection that causes symptomatic illness.

5. SYMPTOMS :

6. CLASSIFICATION:
CATEGORY DRUGS
• Cinchona alkaloids Quinine
• 7 - Chloro- 4- amino Quinolines Chloroquine , Amodiaquine
• 8- amino Quinolines Prima quine , pamaquine
• 9- amino acridines Quinacrine , Acriquine
• 2 , 4 – diamino pyrimidines Pyrimethamine , Trimethoprim
• Biguanides Proguanil , Nitroguanil
• Sulfonamides & Sulfones Sulfadoxine , Dapsone
• Phenanthrine methanol derivatives Halofantrine
• Antibiotics Tetracyclines + Quinine sulfate
• Sesquiterpine lactones Artemisinin , Artether
• Miscellaneous agents Mefloquine , Menoctone

7. Cinchona alkaloids:
Quinine
Use : Used for chloroquine resistant P. falciparam.
Adverse effect : Cinchonism.

8. 7 - Chloro- 4- amino Quinolines
Chloroquine Amodiaquine
Uses : Completely cures falciparam malaria.
Treat Rheumatoid arthritis.
Suppress the plasmodium infections.
Adverse effects : Renal damage & blurred vision.
Agranulocytosis & hepatotoxicity.

9. 8- Amino Quinolines
Primaquine Pamaquine
Use : Treat the vivax malaria.
Adverse effects : Mainly cause abdominal pain.
Rarely in large doses cause leucopenia.

10. Quinacrine Acriquine
Uses : More effective & less toxic than quinine.
Also pocess anti convulsant activity.
Adverse effects : Gastric irritation ,
Staining of tongue & skin.

11. 2 , 4 – diamino pyrimidines
Pyrimethamine Trimethoprim
Adverse effects : In higher doses produce megaloblastic anaemia ,
granulocytopenia.
Use : Used for chloroquine resistant malaria.

12. Biguanides
Proguanil
Use : Used for malaria resistant to Chloroquine , Halofantrine .
Adverse effects : Haematuria ,
Rashes & loss of hair .

13. Sulfonamides & Sulfones :
Dapsone Sulfadoxine
Use : Some inhibitory influence on the erythrocytic phase.
Adverse effect : Stevens – johnson syndrome .

14. Phenanthrine methanol derivatives :
Use : It is effective in Chloroquine & mefloquine resistant malaria.
Adverse effect : Can affect the nerve conduction in cardiac tissue.

15. Antibiotics :
Tetracyclines Doxycycline
Use : These are used along with the other malarial drugs for effective
treatment.Chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria.
Adverse effects : Tetracyclines chelate calcium.
Esophageal ulceration.
Photosensitivity.

16. Uses : Effective in treating chloroquine resistant malaria.
Adverse effects : Produce type-1 hypersensitivity.
Produce some neurological abnormalities.
Artemisin Artether

17. DRUG UNDER CLINICAL TRAILS
 ELQ 300

18. CONCLUSION

19. REFERENCES
• Wilson & Gisvold Text book of Organic Medicinal and
Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
Chapter no: 7 (Anti malarials);
Page no: 242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252.
• Essentials of medical pharmacology by KD. Tripathi
Chapter no: 59 (Anti malarial drugs );
Page no : 782 – 796.

20. THANK YOU