Laser Safety
•Als PPTX, PDF herunterladen•
16 gefällt mir•8,517 views
Overview of safe use of Class 3B and Class 4 lasers. Topics include: Introduction, Hazards (Biological and Non-Beam), Engineering Controls, Administrative Controls, Work Practices, and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Empfohlen
Weitere ähnliche Inhalte
Was ist angesagt?
Was ist angesagt? (20)
Andere mochten auch
Andere mochten auch (18)
Kürzlich hochgeladen
Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)
Laser Safety
- 1. Laser Safety Initial Karen Janiga, MS Radiation Safety Officer Laser Safety Officer Janette De La Rosa Ducut, Ed.D. Training Manager Rick Mannix Laser Safety Officer
- 2. Objectives 1. Determine laser classes and components 2. Identify hazards Biological Non-Beam 3. Implement controls Engineering Administrative Work Practice PPE 2
- 3. Light Lasers Amplification by Intense light that can cause tissue Stimulated damage, burns, and damage to the eye Emission of and skin. Radiation 3
- 4. Ordinary light is incoherent, visible, dispersed, and low powered. 4
- 5. Laser light is coherent, sometimes invisible, directional, and high powered. 5
- 6. Mirror Reflectant Pump Lasing Medium Mirror Transparent 6
- 7. Output > ¼ sec Continuous < ¼ sec Pulsed 7
- 8. What do you think? Which component can be adjusted to control the output power (or energy) of the laser? Pump Transparent Mirror Lasing Medium 8
- 9. Incorrect 9
- 10. What do you think? Which component can be adjusted to control the output power (or energy) of the laser? Pump Transparent Mirror Lasing Medium 10
- 11. Correct. Adjust the pump to control the output power. Which component can be adjusted to control the beam stability? Pump Transparent Mirror Lasing Medium 11
- 12. Incorrect 12
- 13. Correct. Adjust the pump to control the output power. Which component can be adjusted to control the beam stability? Pump Transparent Mirror Lasing Medium 13
- 14. Correct. Adjust the optical resonator to control the beam stability. Pump Transparent Mirror Lasing Medium 14
- 15. Physical State HeNe Gas Excimer Liquid Dye Argon Lasing Medium Ruby Solid Nd:YAG Semi Diode Ti:Sapphire conductor 15
- 16. What do you think? What type of lasing medium does a Nd:YAG laser use? Continuous Gas Incoherent Pulsed Solid View OSHA website 16
- 17. Continuous Gas Incoherent Pulsed Solid Incorrect 17
- 18. What do you think? What type of lasing medium does a Nd:YAG laser use? Continuous Gas Incoherent Pulsed Solid View OSHA website 18
- 19. Correct! The Nd:YAG is a solid-state laser. Use appropriate eye protection. Solid 19
- 20. PROPERTIES Allow user to leave interaction: Anytime Show ‘Next Slide’ Button: Show always Completion Button Label: Next Slide
- 21. Classes Gauge risk using classification schemes. Approach Class 3B and Class 4 lasers as hazardous lasers. 21
- 23. Biological Effects XeCl gas excimer Injuries Prevent exposure to eyes and skin Eyes Skin Nd:YAG invisible 23
- 24. Biological Effects nm = 1 billionth of a meter UV-C UV-B UV-A IR-A IR-B IR-C 200 nm 280 315 400 780 1400 3000 nm Ultraviolet Visible Infrared 24
- 25. Cornea Biological Effects Lens Photokeratisis Thermal retinal Cataracts (200 – 315 nm) injury (750 – 1400 nm) (315 – 400 nm) Retina Photochemical Cataracts Corneal burn (315 – 400 nm) (1400 – 1,000,000 nm) UV-C UV-B UV-A IR-A IR-B IR-C 180 280 315 400 700 1400 3000 Ultraviolet Visible Infrared 25
- 26. Blue Light Hazards Cornea • Do not stare at sun, Biological Effects welding arcs, or blue lamps • Prevent lengthy exposures greater than 10 seconds Lens • Beware of delayed appearance (24-48 hours) Retina Blue Light Photobleaching (400 – 500 nm) UV-C UV-B UV-A IR-A IR-B IR-C 180 280 315 400 700 1400 3000 Ultraviolet Visible Infrared 26
- 27. Biological Effects Intrabeam Direct viewing Viewing Flat Surface Specular (mirror like) Reflections ex: plastic, glass Rough Surface Diffuse (diffusion) Reflections ex: table top 27
- 28. Biological Effects UV-C UV-B UV-A IR-A IR-B IR-C 180 280 315 400 700 1400 3000 Ultraviolet Visible Infrared Flat Surface Specular (mirror like) Reflections ex: plastic, glass Rough Surface Diffuse (diffusion) Reflections ex: table top 28
- 29. Blink every ¼ seconds Use laser eye protection. Do not rely on your blink reflex for protection. 29
- 30. Signs and Symptoms Before After Colors Burning Check for eye injury See: Flash and after-image in opposite color OR difficulty detecting blue or green colors Feel: Burning pain on cornea Hear: “Pop” sound Pop Sound 30
- 31. Biological Effects Accelerated Aging Burns and Pigment Increased Pigmentation Darkening (280 – 315 nm) (315 – 400 nm) Eurythema and Cancer Burns and Photosensitive reactions (200 – 315 nm) (400 – 780 nm) UV-C UV-B UV-A IR-A IR-B IR-C 180 280 315 400 700 1400 3000 Ultraviolet Visible Infrared 31
- 32. Biological Effects Follow emergency procedures Disable machine Turn off, unplug, and post sign Seek medical attention Treat minor skin damage with first aid OR transport major skin or any eye injuries to medical facility 32
- 34. Non-Beam Hazards What do you think? What is the leading cause of death related to lasers? Burns Electrical Cryogens Chemicals Fire Housekeeping Noise Pressure 34
- 35. Incorrect 35
- 36. What do you think? What is the leading cause of death related to lasers? Burns Electrical Cryogens Chemicals Fire Housekeeping Noise Pressure 36
- 37. Correct! Prevent injuries and death related to electrical shock Burns Electrical Cryogens Chemicals Fire Housekeeping Noise Pressure 37
- 38. Non-Beam Hazards Correct! Burns Electrical Cryogens Chemicals Fire Housekeeping Noise Pressure 38
- 39. Non-Beam Hazards Electrical Hazard High voltage risk • Eliminate contact with high voltage • Arrange for repairs • Lockout / Tagout • Inspect cords and plugs • Ground all equipment • Complete training 39
- 40. Non-Beam Hazards Electrocution Emergency Procedures • Kill the circuit • Call 911 • Use nonconductor to remove victim • Initiate CPR (if trained) 40
- 41. Non-Beam Hazards Chemical (Liquid) Liquid phase dye lasers are carcinogenic or mutagenic • Mix in fume hood • Wear PPE • Use secondary containment • Review MSDS 41
- 42. Non-Beam Hazards Chemical (Gas) Excimers involve use of toxic fluorine or chlorine gas • Store in ventilated gas cabinets • Use halogen detection and alarm systems or halogen gas scrubbers in rare cases 42
- 43. Non-Beam Hazards Chemical (Gas) Gases generate harmful airborne contaminants • Prevent from inhaling • Ventilate adequately • Use local exhaust systems 43
- 44. Fires Irradiance greater than 10 W/cm2 Improperly ventilated beam enclosures Flammable dyes 44
- 45. Non-Beam Hazards Fire Hazard Explosions and Radiation • Separate flammables • Construct with fire resistant materials • Keep fire extinguishers nearby • Shield against radiation (X-ray, Plasma, RF, and Microwaves) 45
- 47. Engineering Controls Eliminate exposure Use physical structures Protective Housing as your first line of defense Interlock Warning Light 1. Protective housing 2. Interlocks 3. Aperture beam blocks 4. Warning lights Laser Beam Block 47
- 48. Engineering Controls Fire Extinguisher Interlock to laser or shutter Warning labels Storage on equipment of eyewear protection Laser curtain at entry Warning light Controlled Access to laser area Warning sign on door 48
- 49. Use beam attenuators on high powered lasers: Class 3B Class 4 49
- 51. Administrative Controls Identify Complete Restrict Obtain hazards with training access permission signs & labels Minimize risk by observing policies and requirements 51
- 52. Administrative Controls NOTICE sign Alignment, installation, or repair in progress. Injury possible. CAUTION sign Strong lasers (Class 2, 2M) Eye damage possible. DANGER sign High powered lasers (Class 3B, 3R, 4) Eye damage (permanent) or burn possible. 52 52
- 53. What do you think? Which sign indicates presence of a Class 2 laser? 53
- 54. Incorrect 54
- 55. What do you think? Which sign indicates presence of a Class 2 laser? 55
- 56. Correct! Use a CAUTION sign (yellow) to indicate presence of Class 2 or Class 2M lasers. Low-powered lasers 56
- 57. What do you think? Which sign indicates that an area is under temporary control for service? 57
- 58. Incorrect 58
- 59. What do you think? Which sign indicates that an area is under temporary control for service? 59
- 60. Correct! Indicate that an area is under temporary control for service using a NOTICE sign (blue / white). alignment repair 60
- 61. What do you think? Which sign indicates the presence of a high-powered laser? 61
- 62. Incorrect 62
- 63. What do you think? Which sign indicates the presence of a high-powered laser? 63
- 64. Correct! Use a DANGER sign (red/white) to indicate presence of a high-powered laser. Class 3B Class 4 64
- 65. 65
- 66. 66
- 67. Administrative Controls Training Forms Guidelines Laser Safety Training Laser Registration Laser Safety Manual (every 3 years) SOP (template) SOP First Aid / CPR (recommended) Alignment procedures 67
- 68. Laser Safety Manual Requirements Read and become familiar with the Laser Safety Manual View online at http://ehs.ucr.edu/laser 68
- 69. Administrative Controls Never leave unattended Follow procedures Isolate laser operations 69
- 70. 70
- 71. Work Practices Implement safe ways of performing your tasks 71
- 72. What do you think? When do most injuries occur when working with lasers? When turning on electricity During installation When turning off electricity During alignment 72
- 73. Incorrect Incorrect When turning on electricity During installation When turning off electricity During alignment 73
- 74. What do you think? When do most injuries occur when working with lasers? When turning on electricity During installation When turning off electricity During alignment 74
- 75. Correct! Follow safe work practices during alignment of lasers During alignment 75
- 76. Janette 76
- 77. 77
- 78. What do you think? What is an example of a safe work practice around an embedded laser? Access with a hammer Ignore safety locks when opening Wear eye protection Bypass protective Embedded Laser housing for service 78
- 79. Incorrect Access with a hammer Ignore safety locks when opening Wear eye protection Bypass protective housing for service 79
- 80. What do you think? What is an example of a safe work practice around an embedded laser? Access with a hammer Ignore safety locks when opening Wear eye protection Bypass protective Embedded Laser housing for service 80
- 81. Correct! Wear eye protection appropriate for a high-powered laser when working with embedded lasers. Wear eye protection Embedded Laser 81
- 83. Personal Protective Equipment PPE The strategy of last resort. Ensure proper fit and select the correct PPE for the job. 83
- 84. PROPERTIES Allow user to leave interaction: Anytime Show ‘Next Slide’ Button: Show always Completion Button Label: Next Slide
- 85. What do you think? Which safety eyewear can protect against lasers? 85
- 86. Incorrect Safety eyewear that protects against chemicals do not have the proper lens filters to protect against laser beams. 86
- 87. What do you think? Which safety eyewear can protect against lasers? 87
- 88. Incorrect Safety eyewear that protects against dust do not have the proper lens filters to protect against laser beams. Lack of side shields may allow specular or diffuse reflections to damage eyes. 88
- 89. What do you think? Which safety eyewear can protect against lasers? 89
- 90. Incorrect Safety eyewear that protects against impact do not have the proper lens filters to protect against laser beams. 90
- 91. What do you think? Which safety eyewear can protect against lasers? 91
- 92. Incorrect Safety eyewear that protects against heat do not have the proper lens filters to protect against laser beams. 92
- 93. What do you think? Which safety eyewear can protect against lasers? 93
- 94. Correct! Use safety eyewear that protects against optical radiation through neutral density, bandpass, or cut-off lens filters and side shields. Neutral density absorbs and reflects Bandpass transmits weaker light Cut-off blocks light at one end 94
- 95. Eye protection Select based on wavelength KTP (532 nm) Ruby Argon (694 nm) Nd:YAG (488 nm and 514 nm) (1060 nm) Ultraviolet Visible Infrared 95
- 96. What do you think? Which will provide minimum protection during use of a solid state Ruby Ruby laser (694 nm)? (694 nm) Ultraviolet Visible Infrared 689 nm – 782 nm 190 nm – 532 nm 5,000 nm – 11,000 nm 96
- 97. Incorrect The wavelength is greater than the range. KTP (532 nm) Ruby Argon (694 nm) (488 nm and 514 nm) Ultraviolet Visible Infrared 190 nm – 532 nm 97
- 98. What do you think? Which will provide minimum protection during use of a solid state Ruby Ruby laser (694 nm)? (694 nm) Ultraviolet Visible Infrared 689 nm – 782 nm 190 nm – 532 nm 5,000 nm – 11,000 nm 98
- 99. There may be a better answer The wavelength is too weak to use with such a strong pair of Ruby Nd:YAG laser goggles. (694 nm) (1060 nm) Ultraviolet Visible Infrared 5,000 nm – 11,000 nm 99
- 100. What do you think? Which will provide minimum protection during use of a solid state Ruby Ruby laser (694 nm)? (694 nm) Ultraviolet Visible Infrared 689 nm – 782 nm 190 nm – 532 nm 5,000 nm – 11,000 nm 100
- 101. Correct! Use eye protection that is adequate for the wavelength you Ruby are working with. (694 nm) Ultraviolet Visible Infrared 689 nm – 782 nm 101
- 102. 100% Optical Light transmission Density (OD) transmission OD = 0 0 100 % 1 10 2 1 3 0.10 4 0.01 10% 5 0.001 transmission OD = 1 6 0.0001 7 0.00001 8 0.000001 1% transmission OD = 2 102
- 103. 100% Optical Light transmission Density (OD) transmission 0 100 % 1 10 2 1 3 0.10 4 0.01 10% 5 0.001 transmission 6 0.0001 7 0.00001 8 0.000001 1% transmission 103
- 104. Output Optical Light power Density (OD) transmission 0 mW 0 100 % 10 1 10 100 2 1 1,000 3 0.10 10,000 4 0.01 100,000 5 0.001 1,000,000 6 0.0001 10,000,000 7 0.00001 100,000,000 8 0.000001 104
- 105. Optical Light Density (OD) transmission 0 100 % 1 10 2 1 3 0.10 4 0.01 5 0.001 6 0.0001 7 0.00001 8 0.000001 105
- 106. What do you think? Which safety eyewear can protect against lasers with a wavelength of 930 nm ? OD 6 @ 457-515 nm OD 3 @ 515-530 nm OD 5 @ 585-600 nm OD 6 @ 600-605 nm I need an OD of 6 OD 5 @1065-1100 OD 6 @ 800-980 OD 7 @ 980-1065 106
- 107. Incorrect. The wavelength is greater than the range OD 6 @ 457-515 nm OD 3 @ 515-530 nm I need an OD of 6 107
- 108. What do you think? Which safety eyewear can protect against lasers with a wavelength of 930 nm ? OD 6 @ 457-515 nm OD 3 @ 515-530 nm OD 5 @ 585-600 nm OD 6 @ 600-605 nm I need an OD of 6 OD 5 @1065-1100 OD 6 @ 800-980 OD 7 @ 980-1065 108
- 109. Incorrect. The wavelength is greater than the range OD 5 @ 585-600 nm OD 6 @ 600-605 nm I need an OD of 6 109
- 110. What do you think? Which safety eyewear can protect against lasers with a wavelength of 930 nm ? OD 6 @ 457-515 nm OD 3 @ 515-530 nm OD 5 @ 585-600 nm OD 6 @ 600-605 nm I need an OD of 6 OD 5 @1065-1100 OD 6 @ 800-980 OD 7 @ 980-1065 110
- 111. Correct. Select laser safety eyewear based on the optical density and wavelength of your laser. I need an OD of 6 OD 5 @1065-1100 OD 6 @ 800-980 OD 7 @ 980-1065 111
- 112. Select laser safety eyewear based on the optical density and wavelength of your laser. KTP (532 nm) Argon Nd:YAG (488 nm and 514 nm) (1060 nm) Ultraviolet Visible Infrared 112
- 113. In addition to… Select laser safety eyewear Fit based on the optical density Field of Vision and wavelength of your laser. Prescription Sensor Card Use Degradation Too much space Proper fit 113
- 115. Summary 1. Determine laser classes and components 2. Identify hazards Biological Non-Beam 3. Implement controls Engineering Administrative Work Practice PPE 115
- 116. For more information ehs.ucr.edu 951 827 5528 ehs@ucr.edu 116
- 117. Test To receive credit for this course please complete the test START Test 117