Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
EME2040 Learning Theories
1.
2. •Became famous for his experiments with dogs:
–Presented the stimulus (food) to the dogs, and in response the
dogs began to salivate, while Pavlov rang a bell.
–Eventually, the dogs associated ringing bell with food and
began to salivate every time Pavlov rang the bell, even if food
was not present.(1849-1936)
•Won the Nobel Prize in Physiology in 1904; studied the physiology of digestion.
The natural reflex that occurs in response to a stimulus.
(Introduce a stimulus to achieve a desired response;
eventually the neutral stimulus becomes parallel with a
reflex).
By A. Walker
3. •Before Watson gave his speech “Psychology as the Behaviorist View It,”
in 1913 at Columbia University, the psychology department disagreed
about the ideas of the nature of consciousness and the different methods
of studying it. Watson’s speech answered a lot of questions that were
being asked but few were being answered. This eventually is what the
behaviorist stood for on their position.
•Watson’s most famous study is Little Albert Experiment. In this theory,
Watson believed that children had three basic emotional reactions, fear,
love and rage. Watson wanted to prove that these emotions could be
artificially conditioned in children.
•Watson believed in "learning through stimulus substitution." The
substitution of one stimulus for another.
By A. Pittman & M. Suazo
4. Without Technology
In the beginning of the new school
year, the teacher can give a synopsis of
how she will:
1. Gain the class’ attention
2. Silence the room.
The teacher can give a brief description
of how she will alert the students’
attention – by clapping twice (the
stimulus) – and thus associating the
teacher’s claps with silence (response).
Eventually the class will associate the
teacher’s double claps with “it’s time to
fall silence and pay attention.”
With Technology
Classical conditioning can occur in the
classroom, by uniformly beginning the class’
daily schedule in the same manner every day.
For example, beginning the day by standing at
attention and reciting the pledge of
Allegiance.
Routine and structure will assist the
smoothness of the class’ daily schedules. With
the application of technology, the principal
can come over the school’s intercom system
with the daily/weekly announcements. After
the principal’s speech, the students will stand
at attention for the Pledge of Allegiance.
The stimulus in the above scenario would be
the principal coming over the school’s
intercom and providing the student body and
faculty with the daily/weekly news. The
response to the end of the principles speech
would be the class standing at attention to
recite the Pledge of Allegiance.
By A. Walker
5. I will utilize Pavlov’s the Behavioral Learning Theory of
Classical Conditioning. When I was in elementary school, my
teacher practiced the previous scenario of classical conditioning
(clapping of the hands in return for silence).
6. •Learning that is controlled and results in shaping
behavior through the reinforcement of stimulus-
response patterns.
•Reinforcement (reward) increases the chance that a
behavior will occur.
•Punishment decreases the chance that a behavior will
occur.
•Reinforcement is a powerful motivator:
Positive responses = repeated behaviors
Negative responses = extinguished behaviors
1904 –1990
By K. Rossi
7. Without Technology
•Verbal reinforcement in the classroom
for good or bad behavior.
Example:
When a student behaves badly, and is
reprimanded . They learn that that
behavior is not appropriate and stop
doing that behavior.
With Technology
•A teacher could design tests on a computer
that give both positive and negative
reinforcement depending the answer the
student chooses.
Example:
When preschool children utilize the leapfrog
computer, the correct answers are positively
reinforced with verbal and visual reward.
Teaching Implications
I think that using Operant Conditioning in the classroom is an effective way to
teach students right from wrong whether using technology or not.
8. Focuses on the motivational factors and self-regulatory
mechanisms the help shape a person’s behavior.
•His most famous therapy is the modeling therapy. This therapy shows a
person suffering with a psychological disorder a person who is suffering with
the same disorder but in a positive fashion. By viewing this positive
technique the person will model their behavior the same way.
•Focused his work on self-efficacy, which is a personal observation about a
person’s ability to feel, think and motivate to learn.
•He has often been called the father of cognitivist movement.
His theories have been called a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive
learning.
Albert Bandura
•Collaborated with Richard Walters on the book Adolescent Aggression in 1959.
•One of his most famous studies on behavior was that of the Bobo doll.
By A. Johnstone
9. Without Technology
The teacher would model the
behavior she would like her
students to use.
•How to complete an assignment?
•Proper way to interact with your peers.
The teacher would incorporate
observational modeling into their
assessment and field notes.
As a student you would observe modeling by
fellow students and/or teacher and learn and
adapt from what you see.
With Technology
In Bandura’s classic Bobo doll study a film
of a subject yelling sockeroo, hitting and
punching a Bobo the clown doll was shown
to kindergarten children. When the same
children went to play many displayed the
same behavior and verbiage.
In the classroom we could use things that
encourage cognitive thinking and behavior:
• Videos
•Computer Programs
•Video Games
In this theory the teacher does not need to be up
front about what the student’s should be learning.
The student’s should watch or play the activity and
take away from it what they interpret is important
thought or behavior. The student could watch a
positive experience and use it to improve upon a
negative in their life.
10. Social Cognitive Theory is extremely important in
the classroom today. As much as we would prefer
our students to think for themselves or not repeat
negative behavior we could use this mimicking
technique in a positive way. By utilizing positive
cognitive thinking and behavior encourage change
in the classroom.
Personal Thinking
