Introduction to data classification. Back to origins: history of libraries and their classification methods. Some examples of classification in different areas.
8. LESSON 3
HISTORY
The history of libraries began with the ïŹrst efforts to organize collections
of documents.
Topics of interest include accessibility of the collection, acquisition of materials,
arrangement and ïŹnding tools, the book trade, the inïŹuence of the physical
properties of the different writing materials, language distribution, role in education,
rates of literacy, budgets, stafïŹng, libraries for specially targeted audiences,
architectural merit, patterns of usage, and the role of libraries in a nation's cultural
heritage, and the role of government, church or private sponsorship.
Since the 1960s, issues of computerization and digitization have arisen.
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9. LESSON 3
CATALOGING
The function of the catalog is to identify all the items in a collection and to group
like items together.
All the great libraries of the ancient world seem to have had lists and inventories,
whether kept on clay, stone, papyrus, parchment, palm leaves, or bamboo strips.
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10. LESSON 3
LIBRARY OF ASHURBANIPALÂ
Ashurbanipal (reigned 668âc. 627 BC), the last of the great
kings of Assyria, maintained an archive of some 25,000
tablets, comprising transcripts and texts systematically
collected from temples throughout his kingdom.
The tablets were stored in a variety of containers such as
wooden boxes, woven baskets of reeds, or clay shelves. The
"libraries" were cataloged using colophons, which are a
publisher's imprint on the spine of a book, or in this case a
tablet. The colophons stated the series name, the title of the
tablet, and any extra information the scribe needed to indicate.
Eventually, the clay tablets were organized by subject and size.Â
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11. LESSON 3
ANCIENT CHINA
In ancient China the emperor Shih huang-ti, a member of the Châin dynasty and ruler of
the ïŹrst uniïŹed Chinese empire, ordered that historical records other than those of the
Châin be destroyed so that history might be seen to begin with his dynasty.
Repression of history was lifted, however, under the Han dynasty, which succeeded the
Châin in 206 BC and classiïŹcation schemes were developed.
Some favoured a seven-part classiïŹcation, which included the Confucian
classics, philosophy, rhymed work (both prose and poetry), military prose, scientiïŹc and
occult writings, summaries, and medicine.
A later system categorized writings into four types: the classics, history, philosophy, and
miscellaneous works.
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12. LESSON 3
ORGANIZING
For many centuries the feature that gave a work its unique identity was the name
of the writer, and users of the library were expected to know the names of the
authors whose works they wished to consult.
Since the late 19th century far more attention has been paid to cataloging the
subject contents of books as well as the names of their authors.
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13. LESSON 3
LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION IN USE
While catalogs aim to identify and list items in a collection, schemes
of classiïŹcation have a more general application in arranging documents in a
sequence that will make sense and be helpful to the user.Â
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14. LESSON 3
LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION IN USE
ClassiïŹcation systems can be divided into three types depending on how they are used:
âž Universal schemes
Covers all subjects, e.g. the Dewey Decimal ClassiïŹcation, Universal Decimal
ClassiïŹcation and Library of Congress ClassiïŹcation.
âž SpeciïŹc classiïŹcation schemes
Covers particular subjects or types of materials, e.g. Iconclass, British Catalogue of
Music ClassiïŹcation, and Dickinson classiïŹcation, or the NLM ClassiïŹcation.
âž National schemes
Specially created for certain countries, e.g. the Swedish library classiïŹcation system,
SAB (Sveriges AllmÀnna Biblioteksförening).
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15. LESSON 3
DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION
The Dewey Decimal ClassiïŹcation (DDC) is
a general knowledge organisation tool ïŹrst
published in the United States by Melvil
Dewey in 1876 and until now it and revised
through 23 major editions.
Basic classes are organised by disciplines
or ïŹelds of study.
The scheme comprises ten classes, each
divided into ten divisions, each having ten
sections.
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16. LESSON 3
DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION
The system's notation uses Arabic numbers, with three whole numbers making up the main classes
and sub-classes and decimals designating further divisions.
For example:
500 Natural sciences and mathematics
510 Mathematics
516 Geometry
516.3 Analytic geometries
516.37 Metric differential geometries
516.375 Finsler geometry
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17. LESSON 3
DATA ORGANIZATION
Organizing data is very difïŹcult. There are many ways that you can do it. Actually,
there is an inïŹnite number of options that you can take to organize the data
properly. There are people who have issues with data organization simply
because of the huge volumes that it presents itself in.
There is a world of difference between designing the database and the data
organization itself. How will the data be organized in the database?
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27. LESSON 3
LINNAEUS CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
Linnaeus described a particular form of biological classiïŹcation (taxonomy) in his
Systema Naturae (1735) and subsequent works. In the taxonomy of Linnaeus
there are three kingdoms, divided into classes, and they, in turn, into orders,
genera and species.
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38. LESSON 3
YEAR & COUNTRY
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Country Persone
Anni di scuola
(media)
Corea del Sud 1 17
Italia 84 17,5
Moldavia 1 17
Romania 1 14
Svizzera 1 17
Ucraina 1 -
Totale generale 89 17,44
40. IMG BYÂ GURCH AT ENGLISH WIKIPEDIA - CC-BY
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categoria:Categorie