Article III of the Philippine Constitution recognizes and protects fundamental individual rights, including due process, equal protection, freedom from unreasonable search and seizure, right to privacy, free speech, and peaceful assembly. It outlines specific rights of the accused such as right to bail, speedy trial, protection against self-incrimination, prohibition of ex post facto laws and double jeopardy. The article also guarantees access to courts, habeas corpus, and speedy disposition of cases.

1. SECTIONS 11-16 By: Cherry Apple M. Delaminez

5. SECTION 12 (2) • No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will shall be used against him. • Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention are prohibited. (3) • Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against him. ARTICLE III

6. (3) • Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against him. (4) • The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this section as well as compensation to and rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their families. ARTICLE III

7. SECTION 13 All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on recognizance as may be provided by law. • The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. • Excessive bail shall not be required. ARTICLE III

9. • And to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused provided that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustifiable. SECTION 14 ARTICLE III

10. SECTION 15 • The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion or rebellion when the public safety requires it. SECTION 16 • All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies. ARTICLE III

11. ARRESTS AND MIRANDA RIGHTS “ Anything you say can and will be used against you in the court of law.” • This lump of rights, plus the right to Counsel and sans the “freeze”, is called the Miranda Rights . • The Miranda rights stem from the landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court in Miranda V. Arizona. ARTICLE III

12. ARRESTS AND MIRANDA RIGHTS “ The Miranda Doctrine requires that:” • (a) A ny person under custodial investigation has the right to remain silent; • (b) Anything he says can and will be used against him in a court of law; • (c) He has the right to talk to an attorney before being questioned and to have his counsel present when being questioned; • (d) And if he cannot afford an attorney, one will be provided before any questioning if he so desires. ARTICLE III

13. ARRESTS AND MIRANDA RIGHTS “ As a rule, no arrest may be made without a warrant of arrest. The exceptions [also referred to as warrantless arrests] under the Revised Rules on Criminal Procedure (Rule 113, Sec. 5) are arrests made by a peace officer or a private person:” • (a) When, in his presence, the person to be arrested has committed, is actually committing, or is attempting to commit an offense; ARTICLE III

14. ARRESTS AND MIRANDA RIGHTS • (b) When an offense has just been committed and he has probable cause to believe based on personal knowledge of facts or circumstances that the person to be arrested has committed it; and • (c) When the person to be arrested is a prisoner who has escaped from a penal establishment or place where he is serving final judgment or is temporarily confined while his case is pending, or has escaped while being transferred from one confinement to another. ARTICLE III

15. HABEAS CORPUS “ Philippine Habeas Corpus Cases are cases decided by the Supreme Court of the Philippines, concerning the writ of Habeas Corpus. ” • The writ of habeas corpus may be suspended in order to prevent any violence in cases of rebellion or insurrection, as the case may be. • Article III, Section 15 provides that: “ The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires it.” ARTICLE III

16. HABEAS CORPUS • The suspension of the privilege of the writ shall apply only to persons judicially charged for rebellion or offenses inherent in, or directly connected with, invasion. • During the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, any person thus arrested or detained shall be judicially charged within three days, otherwise he shall be released. ARTICLE III