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Tv intergenerational leisure artefact
1. TV related leisure experiences: intergenerational intersections and relations
Television as an
(intergenerational) leisure artefact
a preliminary comment
1
Xabier Landabidea Urresti
Institute of Leisure Studies
University of Deusto
2. Summary
1. BACKGROUND: “Televisual leisure experiences of different
generations of Basque speakers” study (PhD)
• Basic concepts.
• Methodology and fieldwork.
2. TELEVISION AS AN (INTERGENERATIONAL) LEISURE ARTEFACT.
• An artefact for leisure
• An artefact of leisure
3. GENERATIONAL BELONGING AND PERCEIVED DIFFERENCES.
2
3. Basic concepts
Humanist leisure perspective
(phenomenon, experience,
right).
Leisure. More than free time.
Uncoerced activity, wanted and
satisfactory activity without
primarily utilitarian goals,
articulation of freedom. A distinct
realm of human experience.
Leisure experience. Beyond
leisure practices/activities:
(materially, socially, historically)
situated subjective dimension.
An integral approach to the
televisual leisure experiences of
different generations (Astia-
Aldia-Aisia model):
3
FREE TIME
Liberated time. Choice.
Opportunity. The field of
perceived freedom.
Duration of opportunity.
Potential.
/ASTIA/
DURATION
Practice. Activity.
Spacial/temporal
coordinates. The time on
which something takes place.
Its material and biographical
realization.
/ALDIA/
AisialdiaAisialdia
LEISURE EXPERIENCE
Experience of a pleasant
process or situation. Gratuity,
satisfaction. Experience.
Erfahrung / Erlebnis.
/AISIA/
4. Methodology
4
• 1 heterogeneous (pretest)
• 9 homogeneous age-groups
• Maximum variation sample (age and residency)
Focus Groups
(oral account)
• 6 critical cases (able to prove or disprove
hypotheses).
In depth
interviews
(oral account)
• Sociodemographic data
• Objective, measurable variables
• 12 item elicitation: Leisure coordinates
Questionnaire
(written account)
+ ATLAS.ti 7 (CAQDAS) for data analysis
5. fieldwork
5
AGE GROUP Focus group In depth
interview
YOUNGS (18‐34) MUNGIA
DURANGO
BAKIO
ADULTS 1 (35‐
49)
BERMEO
BILBAO
BILBAO
MUSKIZ
LARRABETZU
ADULTS 2 (50‐
64)
MUNGIA
LEKEITIO
SANTURTZI
ELDERS (65+) BILBAO
AULESTIA
LEZAMA
LEKEITIO
7. TV as a (intergenerational) leisure
artefact
An artefact for leisure
(its function is leisure)
An artefact of leisure
(it´s formed by leisure)
How has television changed our
(understanding/ experience of)
leisure?
How is our leisure changing our
(understanding/ experience of)
television?
9. An artefact for leisure
Co‐ocurrence of three grand leisure functions of
TV (common/intrinsic to TV?):
• Entertainment / pastime / diversion (universal)
• Information (universal, but contested)
• A familiar presence: noise, company (universal)
Something more (and less) than the classic edutainment.
9
10. An artifact of leisure
The idea of television (its experience) and the practice of
watching television is shared by different generations.
There is an high level of coexistence, cohabitation and
contact between generations in the TV related leisure
experiences.
Generations shape the understanding of TV (older to
younger, younger to older).
WOMAN, 47, BILBAO: That thing with skype, I´ve just discovered it when the child has gone the
United States, as he apparently has a big television in his room, and the can connect to skype
there and call us and so on… Instead of a computer, from the television.
WOMAN, 43, BILBAO: Of course, that kind ot television is already like a computer.
WOMAN 50 BILBAO: I want a TV like that next time.
11. Leisure coordinates
Fields on which leisure is manifested (with different lived
experiences) and which can guide its study and
classification (Cuenca, 2011).
Autotelic
leisure
“Pure leisure”. The north of humanist leisure.
Free, satisfactory, with an end on in its own (no need of other aims). Non
utilitarian.
Exotelic
leisure
“Usefu leisure”. Leisure as a medium (towards another end). Educative
leisure, terapeutic leisure… Leisure with (perceived) benefits for the subject.
Absent
leisure
“Emptiness”. Lack of leisure experience. Boredom, need to fill a vacuum.
Workaholism, consumism…
Harmful
leisure
“Autodestructive leisure”. Contrary to a possitive leisure. It has negative
effects for the individual and for tor the collective. Its definition and perception
are dependent on social and historical coordinates.
12. Leisure coordinates
Phrase elicitation (questionnaire): Choose 4 and order them
from order of importance (12 sentences to choose from).
The items are presented randomly to the participants, after
the focus group or interview session.
.
Autotelic
leisure
I like television
I find what I like in the television
Watching television is pleasant/pleasurable.
Exotelic
leisure
Television informs me about the world
I learn with television
Television is useful/helpful
Absent
leisure
I switch on the television when I´m bored
Television bores me
Watching television is a waste of time
Harmful
leisure
Television is addictive.
I watch too much television
Television takes up time to do other things.
13. TV in terms of leisure coordinates
Young people (18‐34)
13
WOMAN, 24, DURANGO: Uf, If I am
watching TV for two hours I feel bad, I
mean, it feels I´ve wasted time, I mean,
for me it´s when I don´t know what to do,
or maybe what you said earlier, for
relaxing, or to have some noise when I´m
cooking, because I´m in the kitchen… but
it´s not a productive thing, it´s a « badly
invested » time, I don´t know, if it´s not
something particular, a good film or…
Clear prevalence of ABSENT and
HARMFUL leisure.
Some importance to EXOTELIC leisure.
Almost no trace of AUTOTELIC leisure.
14. TV in terms of leisure coordinates
Adults 1( 35‐49)
14
Clear prevalence of EXOTELIC and
AUTOTELIC leisure.
Some importance to ABSENT leisure.
Almost no trace of HARMFUL leisure.
MAN, 39, BILBAO: Well… that´s it, to be
informed and to have a passive leisure.
To relax, maybe, too… Maybe it´s for
what we have associated at home, but…
normally what we do is to put the
children to sleep, put out the stuff… and
we switch the TV on, and maybe you
associate that moment with relaxing (…)
It´s not the same, but I think it has
something to do with that moment when
people used to gather around the
fireplace…
MAN, 37, BERMEO: For me, it´s
tranquility too. I don´t know, to be able
to be watching for a little while, calmly…
to put the attention only to it…
15. TV in terms of leisure coordinates
Adults 2 (50‐64)
15
Total prevalence of EXOTELIC leisure.
Equilibrium between AUTOTELIC, ABSENT
AND HARMFUL leisure coordinates.
WOMAN, 51, MUNGIA: Television time is a
relaxation time, and therefore it´s not a
waste of time, it´s that you are relaxing and
you have it in front of you. (…) It´s not a
time where you have to do something else,
but a time you have to rest.
WOMAN, 55 MUNGIA : Yes, because if you
want you can turn it off and do your things,
but no, you are resting and watching.
WOMAN, 51, MUNGIA: You have put up
everything, you have finished everything,
and you say “ok, now 5 minutes to sit
down”, and then you switch it on, but not
because you are due something, but
because you have a moment…
16. TV in terms of leisure coordinates for
Elder (65+)
16
Equilibrium between AUTOTELIC, EXOTELIC,
ABSENT AND HARMFUL leisure coordinates.
Slight prevalence of AUTOTELIC leisure.
Difficulties with written accounts.
MAN, 75, BILBAO: Somebody invented
a beautiful thing with television.
Indeed! Me, I… spend most of the time
in the television. A little walk, walk for a
bit and… to the television. You learn lots
of things. Otherwise we would be
dumb… dumb.
WOMAN, 85, AULESTI: What did you
say, useful, right? That´s it, to switch it
on when you are bored, and to learn
things and for everything! I like it.
Television is a friend for me. Maybe you
are home, and you switch on the
television and…
17. Generational belonging and perceived
generational differences in terms of TV
17
• All age‐groups feel as part of “a generation”…
• Although the actual boundaries are not clear
• Technology (mobile phones, internet, game
consoles…)
• TV content (shared childhood programs,
present day /past fandom…)
• Some individuals declare themselves part of a
certain generation.
MAN 40, LARRABETZU: Well, I know that my generation is the TV generation, the FM
generation, but I consider myself part ot the Internet generation, and I proclaim it.
19. In conclusion
19
• There are differences (and similarities) in the leisure
experiences of television of different age‐groups
• Younger groups seem to be more critical (but also
more confessedly addicted) towards TV
• Subjective belonging does influence the relationship
with TV in terms of leisure.
• Media affiliation (radio, TV, internet) is
mentioned when building a generational “we
sense”.
• Television as a leisure artefact (both for and of) is
constructed intergenerationally.
• Generations watch each other (as well as TV)
when understanding and experiencing TV.
