how to take care of your wellbeing

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Chapter 1
Food, Nutrition, and Health

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Chapter 1Chapter 1
Lesson 1.1Lesson 1.1

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Key ConceptsKey Concepts
• Optimal personal and community nutrition is a
major component of health promotion.
• Certain nutrients in food are essential to our
health and well-being.

4. Tell me why…..?Tell me why…..?
How do these nutritional objectives relate to
nursing care?
Why is it important for health care professionals
to exemplify optimal nutrition both in regard to
themselves and their clients?
Besides carbohydrates, fats and proteins, what
other nutrients are essential for health?
How does nutrition relate to physical activity in
terms of homeostasis?
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Nutrition and DieteticsNutrition and Dietetics
• Nutrition
 Food people eat and how bodies use it
• Nutritional science
 Scientific knowledge on human’s food
requirements
• Dietetics
 Health profession for applying nutritional
science
(Cont'd…)

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Nutrition and DieteticsNutrition and Dietetics
(…Cont’d)
• Registered Dietitian (RD)
 Nutrition authority on the health care team
 Also referred to as clinical nutrition specialist
or public health nutritionist

7. More questionsMore questions
• How do the terms nutritional science and
dietetics differ?
• Which governmental agencies study
nutritional science and make public health
recommendations?
• Name some recent nutritional discoveries or
topics in the news pertaining to nutrition
• How have nutritional recommendations
changed over time?
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8. …………?.....?.....
Is the high-protein, low carbohydrate trend
backed up by scientific knowledge?
How can a consumer make sense of dietary
recommendations in the face of changing
guidelines?
What type of education and training does a RD
receive?
How do nurses and RDs work together in a
hospital or clinical setting?
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9. …………………………………………??????????????
• What resources can an RD provide to assist
with a nursing plan of care?
• How do surgery, infection, and different
developmental stages affect nutritional
requirements?
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Health and WellnessHealth and Wellness
• Good nutrition is essential to good health
• Health must include meeting basic human
needs
• Wellness seeks the full development of
potential for all persons

11. Do you know???Do you know???
• Why is nutrition a component of health and
wellness?
• What uses of food are there other to satisfy
hunger?
• How do nutritional requirements change
during a person’s life?
• If a person is malnourished, how does that
affect his or her functioning?
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12. ??????????
• How can a nurse incorporate nutritional
science and education into a plan of care?
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Wellness Movement andWellness Movement and
National Health GoalsNational Health Goals
• Response to medical care system’s focus on
illness and disease
• Response to rising health costs
• Focuses on lifestyle and personal choices

14. Things to ponder…Things to ponder…
• How does wellness approach differ from the
traditional medical model of health care?
• How can preventive care reduce health
costs?
• Give an example of a disease process
directly related to nutritional status.
• If disease is a result of various factors, how
can lifestyle life style affect overall health and
wellness?
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15. ????????????????????????????????
• Name a life style choice that promotes
nutritional health.
• Name a life style choice that reduces
nutritional health.
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Traditional and PreventiveTraditional and Preventive
Approaches to HealthApproaches to Health
• Traditional
 Attempts change only when illness or disease
already exist
 Little value for lifelong positive health
• Preventive
 Identify risk factors
 Allows people to choose behaviors to
minimize risk of disease

17. Risk factorsRisk factors
• What are risk factors for CVD? DM? Ca?
• What support organizations promote nutritional
wellness?
• Compare and contrast the traditional and
preventive models of health care. What
contributed to the shift in focus? Why does
involving personal choice and preference support
a healthy lifestyle?
• What benefits over time does optimal nutrition
provide?
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Good NutritionGood Nutrition
• Well-developed body
• Ideal weight for body composition
• Good muscle development
• Smooth skin, glossy hair, clear and bright
eyes
• Mental and physical alertness
• Ability to resist disease
• Increased life span

19. What is Ideal?What is Ideal?
• How is the ideal body weight calculated?
• Why does poor nutrition impact the immune
system?
• How can you assess malnutrition in your
client?
• Why is nutrition essential during prenatal
development?
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20. ??????????????????????
• Why is nutritional status related to disease
prevention and recovery from surgery or
other trauma?
• How do exercise and food relate to good
nutrition?
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Nutrients in FoodNutrients in Food
• Provide energy
• Build tissue
• Regulate metabolic processes
• Individual nutrients have many special
metabolic functions
• No nutrient ever works alone

22. ????????????????????????????
• What are the primary nutrients?
• What is the body’s main source of food and
how is it stored?
• What is metabolism?
• How does metabolism affect the body
weight?
• Provide and example of nutrients that work
with each other?
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23. ??????????????????????????????????????
• What are examples of diseases that result
from a mineral or other nutrient dificiency?
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Energy SourcesEnergy Sources
• Carbohydrates
 Primary source of fuel for heat and energy
 Maintain body’s back-up store of quick energy
 Should provide 45%-65% of total kilocalories
(Cont'd…)

25. ????????????????????????
• What are recommended sources of complex
carbohydrates?
• What is the pathophysiology of diabetes and
how does it relate to carbohydrates?
• What type of carbohydrates should be limited
in the diet?
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Energy SourcesEnergy Sources
(…Cont’d)
• Fats
 Animal and plant sources
 Secondary (storage) form of heat and energy
 Should provide no more than 20%-35% of
total kilocalories
(Cont'd…)

27. ??????????????????
• List plant and animal sources of fats
• What is cholesterol?
• What are the risks associated with a high fat
diet?
• Where is fat stored in the body?
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Energy SourcesEnergy Sources
(…Cont’d)
• Proteins
 Source of energy when supply from
carbohydrates and fats is insufficient
 Primary function is tissue building
 Should provide 10%-35% of total kilocalories

29. ??????????????????????????????
• What are proteins composed of?
• What are examples of foods high in proteins?
• How do vegetarians get enough protein?
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Tissue BuildingTissue Building
• Proteins
 Provide amino acids
• Necessary for building and repairing tissues
• Vitamins and minerals
 Vitamin C for tissue building
 Calcium and phosphorus
• Building and maintaining bone
(Cont'd…)

31. ??????????????????????????
• List foods high in vitamin C, calcium,
phosphorous and iron?
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Tissue BuildingTissue Building
(…Cont’d)
• Iron
 Builds hemoglobin in the blood
• Fatty acids
 Build central fat substance of cell walls

33. ??????????????????????????????
• What are conditions related to too little iron?
Too much iron?
• How does calcium relate to osteoporosis?
• Why is fat important to brain development?
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Regulation and ControlRegulation and Control
• Vitamins
 Function as coenzyme factors
• Components of cell enzymes in governing
chemical reaction during cell metabolism
• Minerals
 Also serve as coenzyme factors
(Cont'd…)

35. ??????????????
• What are food sources for vitamins and
minerals?
• Why are supplements prescribed during
pregnancy?
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Regulation and ControlRegulation and Control
(…Cont’d)
• Other nutrients
 Water
• Essential base for all metabolic processes
 Fiber
• Regulates passage of food material through GI
tract

37. ????????????????????????
• Why is water essential for life?
• What foods are high in fiber?
• What is the relationship between colon
cancer and low-fiber diet?
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Types of NutritionTypes of Nutrition
• Optimal nutrition
 Obtained from a varied diet
 Desired amounts should be balanced
• Undernutrition
 Less than desired amounts of nutrients
 Limits work capacity, immune system, mental
activity
(Cont'd…)

39. ????????????????????????
• How can heath professionals promote variety
and moderation?
• What are risk factors for under nutrition?
• What federal programs address under
nutrition?
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Types of NutritionTypes of Nutrition
(…Cont’d)
• Malnutrition
 Reserves depleted
 Nutrient and energy intake insufficient
• Overnutrition
 Excess nutrient and energy intake over time
 Produces harmful gross body weight
 Excessive amounts of nutrient supplements
over time

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Chapter 1Chapter 1
Lesson 1.2Lesson 1.2

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Key ConceptsKey Concepts
• Food and nutrient guides help us to plan a
balanced diet according to individual needs
and goals.

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Dietary Reference IntakesDietary Reference Intakes
• Published by the National Academy of
Sciences
• Updated every 5-10 years
• Includes recommendations for each gender
and age group
(Cont'd…)

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Dietary Reference IntakesDietary Reference Intakes
(…Cont’d)
• Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
 Daily intake of nutrients that meet needs of
almost all healthy individuals
• Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
 Intake level that meets needs of half the
individuals in a specific group
(Cont'd…)

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Dietary Reference IntakesDietary Reference Intakes
(…Cont’d)
• Adequate intake (AI)
 Used when not enough evidence to establish
the RDA
• Tolerable upper intake level (UL)
 Sets maximum intake unlikely to pose adverse
health risks
(Cont'd…)

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Dietary Reference IntakesDietary Reference Intakes
(…Cont’d)

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Food Guide PyramidFood Guide Pyramid
• Simple practical education tool
• Basis for general meal planning and food-
intake pattern
• Promotes carbohydrates while limiting fat
intake
• Daily food-group choices may be spread over
three or more meals
(Cont'd…)

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Food Guide PyramidFood Guide Pyramid
(…Cont’d)

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Dietary Guidelines forDietary Guidelines for
AmericansAmericans
• Issued every five years
• Aim for fitness
• Build a healthy base
• Choose sensibly

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Principles ofPrinciples of
Nutrition TherapyNutrition Therapy
• Weight management
• Sodium control
• Proper diet of minerals
• DASH diet
• Additional lifestyle factors

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Dietary Guidelines forDietary Guidelines for
AmericansAmericans